EFFECT OF RICE HUSK ASH AND SUGARCANE

BAGASSE ASH ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND

SORPTIVITY OF CONCRETE

Presented by
Hidayat Ullah Khan (17BNCIV-0897)
Muhammad Sulaiman (17BNCIV-0909)
Habib Ullah (17BNCIV-0921)
Supervisor
Engr. Johar Hafeez
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar Campus III,
Bannu
2 Sequence of Presentation

Introduction
 Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Need of additives
Sorptivity
Compressive Strength
Rice Husk Ash
Sugar cane bagasse ash
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Objectives
Methodology
References
 Introduction (cont.)

3 Concrete
Introduction
Concrete, a primary building construction material, is the world’s most consumed
man-made material. About 10 billion tons of concrete are produced every year .

It is mainly due to its low cost, availability, its long durability and ability to sustain
extreme weather environments.

Concrete is the heterogeneous mixture that consist of ;

 Cement

 Water

 Aggregate

Fine aggregate (sand)

Course aggregate (gravel)

(Zareei, Ameri, Dorostkar, & Ahmadi, 2017a, Hassan M. et al.)
4 Concrete
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of a material are those properties that
involve a reaction to an applied load. The mechanical properties of
material determine the range of usefulness of a material( Concrete in
our case) and establish the service life that can be expected.

The mechanical properties of concrete includes;

 Compressive strength

  Tensile strength

  Flexural strength and

  Modulus of elasticity.
5 Concrete
Need of Additives

 In order to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete we need to add some

additives to concrete. Here we are using RHA and SCBA as an additives.

6 RHA & SCBA as Additives

 Rice husk ash and bagasse ash are easily available locally.

 20 million tons of rice husk ash and 10 million tons of bagasse ash as

pozzolanic materials could be extracted from paddy and sugar cane

produced annually worldwide.

 Replacement of cement with RHA and SCBA demand less labor work.

Nehdi, M., Duquette, J., & El Damatty, A. (2003).

 Introduction (cont.)

7 Rice Husk Ash

Husk is actually a by-product in the rice milling.

 The husk is used as fuel, which on burning produces 75% organic

matter and 25% ash known as rice husk ash (RHA).

 The rice husk ash contains large amount of silica and may show
 pozzolanic properties.

Source: (Hamzeh, Ziabari, Torkaman, Ashori, & Jafari, 2013).

 Introduction (cont.)

8 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Bagasse is produced during Sugar preparation,

 When the juice is extracted from sugarcane

Sugarcane bagasse contains cellulose (50%), hemicellulose (25%) and

lignin (25%).

 The bagasse is used as a fuel which on burning produces bagasse ash.

Source: (Chindaprasirt et al., 2007), (Teixeira et al., 2011).

 Introduction (cont.)

9 Sorptivity

According to C Hall and W D Hoff, the sorptivity expresses the tendency of a

material to absorb and transmit water and other liquids by capillarity.

 Durability of construction materials is largely dependent on transport of

fluid through it.

 Sorptivity used as a measure of concrete resistance to exposure to

aggressive environment.
Effect Sugarcane bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.

10 Literature Review

Wenzhong Zhu(2020) concluded that with increasing value of sorptivity,

durability of concrete decreases. The results are tabulated as below;

Durability Class Sorptivity (mm/)

Excellent <6
Good
Good 6–16
6–16
Poor
Poor 12–15
12–15
Very
Very poor
poor >
> 15
15

Source: Wenzhong Zhu, in Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications, 2020
Effect Sugarcane bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
11 Sorptivity

 Ahmed, A. E., & Adam, F. (2007) examined sorptivity of concrete

at different proportions of sugarcane bagasse ash and rice husk ash.

 They concluded that at 7% RHA and 20% SCBA 47% reduction

in sorptivity observed.
Effect Sugarcane bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
12 Sorptivity

 Mohammad Amin Moeini(2017) concluded that at 20%SCBA and

%15RHA, maximum drop in sorptivity occurred at 7 and 28 days,

which were 17.2% (at 7 days) and 20.4% ( at 28 days) respectively

less than the control sample.

 M.F.M. Zain(2011) studied the effect of RHA on sorptivity of

concrete. He concluded that maximum decrease in sorptivity was

achieved when 25% cement was replaced by OPC and this

decrease is 47% less then the control mixture at the age of 28 days.
Effect Sugarcane bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
13
Flexural Strength

 Mohseni et al. (2016) concluded that there was 10% increase in the flexural

strength of concrete when 10% cement was replaced with RHA at 7 days

age.

 Bhuvaneshwari and Tamilarasan (2016) concluded that there was 7%

increase in the flexural strength by replacing cement with 10% SCBA at 28

days age of concrete.

Effect Sugarcane bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
14
Flexural Strength

 Srinivasan and Sathiya (2010) studied the effect of SCBA on flexural

strength of concrete. They concluded that the flexural strength of concrete

increased at 5% replacement of cement with SCBA. This increase in

flexural strength was 8% higher than reference concrete.

Effect Sugarcane bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
15
Splitting Tensile Strength

 Mohseni et al. (2016) concluded that splitting tensile strength increased as

the RHA content was increased from 0% to 15% but beyond this level no

further improvement was observed in the splitting tensile strength of

concrete.

 Madandoust et al. (2011) studied that the splitting tensile strength of

concrete containing 20% RHA was 59% of reference concrete at 365 days

age of concrete.
Effect Sugarcane bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
16
Splitting Tensile Strength

 Amin (2011) studied the effect of SCBA on the splitting tensile

strength of concrete.

 He concluded that increase occurred in the splitting tensile

strength of concrete at 20% replacement of cement with SCBA

but beyond this level, no further improvement was observed in

the splitting tensile strength of concrete.

Effect Sugarcane bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
17
Splitting Tensile Strength

 Modani et al. (2013) studied the effect of SCBA on splitting

tensile strength of concrete. They also suggested 20% of cement

with SCBA as the maximum dosage.

 V. Saraswathy(2006) studied the effect of SCBA on splitting

tensile strength of concrete. he concluded that maximum increase

in splitting tensile strength occurs at 15% RHA and the increase

was 9% compared to the reference mixture.

Effect Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
18
Modulus of elasticity

 Venkatanarayanan and Rangaraju (2015) studied the effect of RHA on

modulus of elasticity of concrete. They concluded that the modulus of

elasticity of RHA modified concrete was 16% higher than reference

concrete when 15% of RHA was used.

 Srinivasan and Sathiya (2010) concluded that the increasing content of

SCBA caused reduction in the modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days

age testing. This reduction was 14% when 10% cement was replaced with

SCBA.
Effect Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
19
Compressive Strength

Compressive strength is the most important property of concrete.

 Compressive strength is the maximum load that is hold by the concrete.

 Compressive strength is normally determined for 7 and 28 days age of

concrete.

 Research work shows variation in compressive strength at different

percentages of SCBA and RHA in concrete.
Effect Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
20
Compressive Strength

 Alireza Joshaghani (2017) conducted experiments and derived the following

results.

Mixture Compressive strength (MPA)

(28 days)
Reference mixture 57
15% RHA & 10% SCBA 53
20% RHA & 15% SCBA 60
15% RHA & 20% SCBA 55
Effect Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
21
Compressive Strength

 (Abood Habeeb & Bin Mahmud, 2010) replace cement with RHA. RHA

concrete gave excellent improvement in strength for 10% replacement.

(Madandoust, Ranjbar, Moghadam, & Mousavi, 2011).

Effect Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
22
Compressive Strength

 Amin (2011) studied the effect of RHA on compressive strength of

concrete. He concluded the following results.

Mixture Compressive Strength (MPA)
(28 days)
Control Mixture 55
15% RHA 54
20%RHA 62
25%RHA 49
Effect Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
23
Compressive Strength

 Patel and Raijiwala, (2012) studied the effect of SCBA on

compressive strength of concrete at 7, 28 and 56 days curing of

concrete. They concluded that compressive strength was higher for

SCBA added concrete than reference concrete at 7, 28 and 56 days

age of concrete.

 Research work of Narain Das Bheel shows that when 5% SCBA and

5% lime stone fume were used, 28 days compressive strength was

increased by 10% as compared to control mixture.

Effect Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
24
Compressive Strength

 (Gastaldini et al., 2007) concluded that concrete containing 20%

RHA achieved the highest compressive strength at 91 days age of

concrete at water cement ratio of 0.65 which was 43% higher than

reference mixture.
Effect Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
25
Compressive Strength

 Research work of Mohammad Amin Moeini shows that Greatest

increase in 90 days compressive strength was achieved when 20%

RHA was used, and this increment was 6.4% higher than the

reference mixture.

 (Nehdi et al., 2003) studied the effect of SCBA on workability of

concrete. Addition of SCBA reduces the workability of concrete.

And studied the effect of SCBA on compressive strength of

concrete. He concluded that the maximum compressive strength

was achieved when 15% cement was replaced with SCBA.

Effect Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Rice husk Ash on concrete properties.
Literature Review (Cont....)
26
Compressive Strength

 M.N.N. Khana et al. studied the effect of RHA on compressive

strength of the concrete and derived the following results for a

constant w/c ratio of 0.32.

Mixture Compressive strength(MPA)

(90 days)
Reference Mixture 68.8
10% RHA 78.2
15% RHA 81.5
20% RHA 82.2
27
Problem Statement

A large amount of industrial wastes are produced due to industrialization

which not only causes pollution but also causes scarcity of land for

deposition. Therefore, the use of waste materials can be considered the best

solution to resolve the problem.

28 Objectives

Following are the main objectives of the research:

a) To investigate the sorptivity of concrete containing rice husk ash and sugar
cane bagasse ash.

b) To evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete containing rice husk ash

and sugar cane bagasse ash.

c) To find a co-relation between sorptivity co-efficient and mechanical

properties of the concrete containing rice husk ash and sugarcane bagasse ash.
29 Methodology

Materials
 Ordinary Portland cement

 Fine and coarse aggregates

 Rice husk ash (RHA) and Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA)

30
Material Characterization Tests

 Following ASTM C496 standard procedure , the splitting tensile strength of

the concrete will be determined.

 Following ASTM C39 standard procedure , the compressive strength of the

concrete will be determined.

 Following ASTM C143M standard procedure , the workability test of the

concrete will be carried out.

31 Material Characterization Tests

 Following ASTM C1585 standard procedure , the sorptivity test of the

concrete will be carried out.

 Following ASTM C78 standard procedure , the flexural strength of the

concrete will be determined.

 Following ASTM C469 standard procedure , the modulus of elasticity of

concrete will be determined.

32 Conclusion

 RHA is more effective than SCBA in improving the compressive

strength of concrete.

 SCBA alone can’t increase the compressive strength of concrete

 The compressive strength of concrete increases with an increase in

RHA and SCBA content from 10 to 20% and 5 to 15% respectively.

 Maximum increase in tensile strength occurs when 10% RHA and 15%

SCBA is used.
33 Conclusion

 Sorptivity decreases with the addition of RHA and SCBA in

concrete but Similar to the compressive strength, RHA is more

effective in decreasing the sorptivity of concrete.

 Maximum decrease in sorptivity occurs at 12% RHA and 20%

SCBA.
34
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35
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36
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37
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38
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