WATER

POLLUTION

PRESENTED BY:
ARPITA BARIK
ANUP PALIT
CONTENTS
•  Introduction
• Definition of water pollution
• Causes of water pollution
• Effects of water pollution
• Measures of control
 INTRODUCTION
• Water is a precious resource and without it life is not possible on
earth.
• Water is getting polluted day by day due to excessive and
careless use so the percent of available drinking water is
reducing.
• There are many ways which causes water pollution and the
effects of it are very harmful for all living and non living objects.
 WATER POLLUTION
• Water pollution can be defined as presence of solid, liquid or
gaseous contaminants in such concentration that may alter
the quality of water.
• Water pollution is defined as the addition to water of an
excess material or heat that is harmful to the living organism
or which impairs the beneficial use of water.
CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
• Causes of Water Pollution The principal sources of water pollution resulting from
exploration and production operations are:
1. Domestic waste
2. Sewage System
3. Solid Waste
4. Industrial Waste
5. Acid Rain
6. Aquatic Plants
 CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
1. DOMESTIC WASTE
The waste produced in the course of a domestic
activity. Waste from accommodation used purely
for living purposes(and commercial gain)and which
is disposed of via the normal mixed domestic refuse
collection.
2. SEWAGE WASTE
Sewage, or domestic/municipal wastewater, is a type
of wastewater that is produced by a community of
people. It is characterized by volume or rate of flow,
physical condition, chemical and toxic constituents,
and its bacteriologic status (which organisms it
contains and in what quantities). It consists mostly
of greywater (from sinks, bathtubs, showers,
dishwashers, and clothes washers), blackwater (the
water used to flush toilets, combined with the human
waste that it flushes away); soaps and detergents;
and toilet paper (less so in regions where bidets are
widely used instead of paper).
3. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Industrial waste is the waste produced by
industrial activity which includes any
material that is rendered useless during a
manufacturing process such as that
of factories, industries, mills, and mining
operations
4. SOLID WASTE
Solid waste commonly known
as trash or garbage in the United
States and rubbish in Britain, is
a waste type consisting of everyday
items that are discarded by the
public.
5. ACID RAIN
Acid rain results when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and
nitrogen oxides (NOX) are emitted into the
atmosphere and transported by wind and air
currents. The SO2 and NOX react with water,
oxygen and other chemicals to form sulfuric and
nitric acids. These then mix with water and other
materials before falling to the ground. When the
accumulated acids are washed off a surface by the
next rain, this acidic water flows over and through
the ground, and can harm plants and wildlife, such
as insects and fish.
6. AQUATIC PLANTS
Eutrophication (from Greek eutrophos “ well-
nourished"), or hypertrophication , is when a body of
water becomes overly enriched with minerals and
nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae. This
process may result in oxygen depletion of the water
body. One example is an "algal bloom" or great increase
of phytoplankton in a sandy body as a response to
decreased levels of nutrients. Eutrophication is often
induced by the discharge of nitrate or phosphate-
containing detergents, fertilizers, or sewage into an
aquatic system.
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
• DEATH OF AQUATIC ANIMALS
 When polluting chemicals, like sewage, are dumped into the oceans, animals that
depend on the ocean to survive, such as crabs and fish, die off. This is because
the animals could be infected by diseases from the sewage or be harmed by trash
that is thrown in the ocean.
• RIVERS ARE CHANGED INTO DUSTBIN
Dirty water containing chemicals is put back in the river. Water used for
cooling is warmer than the river itself, and this is also a form of pollution.
People are sometimes careless and throw rubbish such as bottles and crisp
packets directly into rivers. Pollution kills water plants and animals.
• SHORTAGE OF DRINKING WATER
The stress on our water environment as a result of increased industrialization, which aids
urbanization, is becoming very high thus reducing the availability of clean water. Polluted
water is of great concern to the aquatic organism, plants, humans, and climate and indeed
alters the ecosystem. The preservation of our water environment, which is embedded in
sustainable development, must be well driven by all sectors. While effective wastewater
treatment has the tendency of salvaging the water environment, integration of
environmental policies into the actor firms core objectives coupled with continuous
periodical enlightenment on the present and future consequences of environmental/water
pollution will greatly assist in conserving the water environment.
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION
1. STABLIZATION OF ECOSYSTEM:
• Reduction of waste at source
• Burying of organic waste
• Fish management
• Proper use of water
• Factories should not throw there waste in water bodies.
• People should not bath and wash clothes in rivers or lakes.
• People should not take there animals to take bath in rivers or lakes.
• USING WATER HYACINTH TO REMOVE WATER POLLUTANTS
The water hyacinth is a nice looking plant above water with its large bulbous thick green
leaves and beautiful flower; below water the plant sports some huge roots. The roots are a
blackish coloration and can grow in excess of 12” long; these roots are often utilized by
fish fry and various aquatic bugs as habitat. The roots absorb impurities, and can lock up
floating particles from the water, thereby “purifying” the water.