Chapter 10: Emotion

and Motivation
By: Jenny Gu, Lauren Lee, and James Zhen
What is Motivation?

Motivation describes that wants or needs that direct

behavior toward a goal.

2
Motivations can be:
Extrinsic
◎ Arising from external factors
◎ Receive something from
others
○ (Compensation,
Punishment, Reward)
Intrinsic
◎ Arising from internal factors
◎ Sense of personal satisfaction
○ (Autonomy, Master,
Purpose)

3
Overjustification Effect
Intrinsic Motivation 😊 Extrinsic Motivation 😪

4
Instinct Theory of Motivation
William James (1842-1910) Proposed Human Instincts

5
Drive Theory of Motivation

6
Arousal Theory

7
Yerkes-Dodson Law

8
 Albert Bandura (1994)
Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy: an individual’s
belief in their own capability to
complete a task, which may
include a previous successful
completion of the exact task or a
similar task.

9
Social Motives

Achievement Affiliation Intimacy

◎ Drives ◎ Encourages ◎ Causes us to seek
accomplishment positive deep, meaningful
and performance interactions with relationships
others

10
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow (1943) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

11
Hunger and
Eating
Physiological Mechanisms

13
Metabolism and Body Weight

14
The Set-Point Theory

15
Obesity and BMI

16
 Health Consequences
Cardiovascular Disease Stroke Liver Disease Sleep apnea

Colon Cancer Breast Cancer Infertility Arthritis

17
Bariatric Surgery

18
Eating Disorders

19
Eating Disorders

20
Contributing Factors for Eating Disorders

- The media
- Genetics
- Mental illnesses
- Abuse or bullying
- Family issues

21
Sexual Behavior
 Hypothalamus

- Important role in motivated behavior but not sexual motivation

- Examples in animals
- Rats
- Examples in humans

23
Amygdala and Nucleus Accumbens

- Impacts sexual motivation, not sexual behavior

24
 Alfred Kinsey

- Kinsey Institute for Research, Sex, Gender,

and Reproduction
- Large scale survey on sex during late 1940s

25
Kinsey Scale

26
 Masters and Johnson’s Research

- Conducted a study of physiological responses during sexual behavior

27
Sexual Response Cycle

1. Excitement
2. Plateau
3. Orgasm
4. Resolution

28
 Sexual Orientation

- Emotional and erotic

attraction toward another
individual
- Between 3% and 10% of the
adult population identifies as
homosexual
- What decides someone’s
sexual orientation

29
Gender Identity

- One’s sense of being male or female

Gender dysphoria
- Individuals who do not identify as the gender people think they are

30
Transgender hormone therapy

- Chaz Bono

31
Emotion
What is the definition of “mood?”

Mood is a more mild emotional

state that is more of a
generalized and pervasive state.
Functions of Emotions
The Components of Emotion
The Theories of Emotion

Top right: James-Lange Theory

Top left: Cannon-Bard Theory
Bottom right: Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
 Other Emotional Theories

Joseph Ledoux
Robert Zajonc
 The Amygdala
Processes emotional information, which is then sent to the cortical structures.
The Hippocampus
Integrates emotional experience with cognition
Recognition of Emotions

The Seven Universal Facial Expressions

Thank you for listening to our
presentation on Chapter 10:
Emotion and Motivation!