FAKULTAS EKONOMI

DAN BISNIS

PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

RAFLES GINTING, M.AK

 Permutations
• permutation of a set is, loosely speaking, an arrangement of its members into
a sequence or linear order, or if the set is already ordered, a rearrangement of
its elements. The word "permutation" also refers to the act or process of
changing the linear order of an ordered set.
• A permutation is a mathematical calculation of the number of ways a
particular set can be arranged, where the order of the arrangement matters.
• Permutasi adalah susunan unsur berbeda yang dibentuk dari n unsur, diambil
dari n unsur atau sebagian unsur.
• Tidak boleh diulang

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 Combinations
• A combination is a mathematical technique that determines the number of
possible arrangements in a collection of items where the order of the selection
does not matter. In combinations, you can select the items in any order.
Combinations can be confused with permutations.
• a combination is a selection of items from a collection, such that the order of
selection does not matter (unlike permutations).
• Kombinasi adalah menggabungkan beberapa objek dari suatu grup tanpa
memperhatikan urutan. Di dalam kombinasi, urutan tidak diperhatikan.
• Kombinasi adalah aturan menyusun beberapa anggota dari suatu himpunan
tanpa memperhatikan urutan.
• Boleh diulang

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Introduction to Permutations -Factorial
Let n be a positive integer. The quantity n factorial (n!) Is
defined as the product of all integers between n and 1. For n = 0 or
in other words 0! defined = 1.
n! = n.(n-1)(n-2)... 1
0! = 1.

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 Example:
List the first 10 factorials:

Solution:
0! = 1
1! = 1
2! = 2.1 = 2
3! = 3.2.1 =6
4! = 4.3.2.1 = 24
Dst.....

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PERMUTATION VS COMBINATION

WHAT IS A PERMUTATION?

WHAT IS THE COMBINATION?

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 DETERMINE A COMBINATION OR PERMUTATION

ABCD AB BA CD DC AC CA CD DC BD DB (Combination)

ABCD AB AC AD BC BD CD (Permutation)

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 Rumus permutasi

n!
r ! ( n  r )!

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Permutation
Suppose the problem of preparing a committee consisting of the
Chairperson, Secretary and Treasurer where the order is considered is
one example of a permutation. If there are 3 people (for example Amir,
Budi and Cindy) who will be selected to occupy the position, then
using the Multiplication Principle we can determine the number of
possible committee members, namely:
Permutation
First, determine the Chairman, which can be done in 3 ways.

Once the Chair is determined, the Secretary can be appointed in 2 ways.

After the Chairperson and Secretary are determined, the Treasurer can
be appointed in 1 way.

So that the number of possible committee members is 3.2.1 = 6.

Permutation

Example:

How many permutations of the letters

ABCDEF if the letters ABC always appear
together?
Permutation
Solution:

Because the letters ABC must always appear together, the

letters ABC can be represented as one element. Thus there are
4 mutated elements, so the number of permutations is

4.3.2.1 = 24
 Combination
The combination of r elements from n
elements
available (written as Crn or nCr)
There are many ways of grouping r
elements taken from a set of n available
elements, regardless of the order.
Rumus: nCr =
n!
r ! ( n  r )!
 EXAMPLE 1
There are many ways to make a paint
mix of 2 colors from 3 colors red (M),
yellow (K), green (H)
MK = KM
MH = HM 3
KH = HK

MATEMATIKA EKONOMI DAN BISNIS

 SOLUTION
• many paint colors 3  n = 3
• many paint colors to be
mixed 2  r = 2
n!
nCr =
r!( n  r )!
3! 3! 3.2.1
3C2 = = =
2!(3  2)! 2!.1! 2.1.1
= 3 colors
MATEMATIKA EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
EXAMPLE 2
There are 4 people (Agus, Bayu, Carly, Dodi) who will
hold a handshake. The number of handshakes that
occurred between them was AB = BA
AC = CA
AD = DA 6 handshakes
BC = CB
BD = DB
CD = DC
SOLUTION
• many people 4  n = 4
• many people were shaking hands 2
r=2
n!
nCr =
r!(n  r )!
4! 4! 4.3.2.1
4C2 = = =
2!( 4  2)! 2!.2! 2.1.2.1
= 6 handshakes