EDU550 – CHILD

DEVELOPMENT
CHILD BIRTH - TYPES OF DELIVERY
WEEK 7
LECTURE 1
Giving birth
Bringing a baby into this world is an immense task
that is achieved with careful planning and the right
care. 
Although vaginal delivery is considered the normal
delivery method, couples look at other techniques
and therapies that may make the process easier, safer
or more convenient for the mother and child.
Miscarriage
Natural ending of a pregnancy before fetus is
developed enough to survive on its own.
Most often in first trimester
Caused by defect in fetus or medical condition in
mother
Ectopic Pregnancy
Pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus
Implantation of fertilized egg in fallopian tube or
other part of uterus
 Surgery often needed to remove embryo
Cramping, spotting pain
Can be fatal
Pre-eclampsia
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by
high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ
system, most often the liver and kidneys. 
Preeclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in
women whose blood pressure had been normal.
Prevent the placenta from receiving enough blood, which
can cause the baby to be born very small.
Inducing labor
Two weeks beyond the due date, and labor hasn't started naturally
The water has broken, but not having contractions
There's an infection in the uterus
The baby has stopped growing at the expected pace
There's not enough amniotic fluid surrounding the baby
The placenta has begun to deteriorate
The placenta peels away from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery —
either partially or completely (placental abruption)
There is a medical condition that might put the baby and mother at risk, such as
high blood pressure or diabetes
Signs for Delivery
1.Close contractions
2.Bloody show (mucous)
3.Increase mucous
4.Increase pressure in Pelvis
Birth Choices
Hospital Birth
Home Birth
Labor and Delivery
Stage 1 Labor
Regular contractions that open (dilate) the cervix.
The cervix is fully opened to 10 centimetres (4 + hours)
Stage 2 Pushing & delivery
Cervix is fully open and ends with the birth of the baby (1-2 hours)
Stage 3 Deliver the placenta
Immediately after the birth of the baby, ends with the delivery of the
placenta (10 minutes)
Epidural
Analgesia (pain relief) during labor (painless
delivery).
Epidurals block the nerve impulses from the
lower spinal segments resulting in decreased
sensation in the lower half of the body.
Vaginal Delivery/ Natural
Birth
When a baby is delivered via the birth canal of the womb,
the delivery is termed as vaginal delivery or natural birth
Assisted Vaginal Delivery
When needed, assisted delivery methods are often used.
Although labour is a straightforward and noncomplex
process, it can require the assistance of additional medical
staff. The assistance can vary from emergency delivery
procedures to the use of medicines.
Cesarean Section
In a C-section, a surgical incision is made in the mother’s belly and
uterus, and the baby is then delivered.
A C-section can be planned as many women opt for it, or can also be
performed when the nature of pregnancy demands
baby too large
Not positioned correctly
Doctor decision that natural delivery not safe
Longer Recovery
Water birth
In a water delivery, the mother goes through some or all of
the stages of childbirth in a portable tub which is similar to a
hot tub.
The baby can be delivered when the mother is underwater.
The mother can even get out of the water and deliver the
baby in a different position.
Women go for water births as it can be more relaxing and
less painful to be in the water.
Lamaze Technique
The Lamaze method is in line with natural childbirth and is
typically known for its controlled breathing techniques.
The technique also includes different comfort strategies that
can be used during labour.
The breathing techniques involved increase relaxation and
reduce the perception of pain.
Along with breathing, it also includes other techniques of
childbirth preparation.
Stillbirth
Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after
20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy.
It results in a baby born without signs of life.
(Delivery of a dead baby)
Caused by defect in baby or issue of mother
Conclusion
Delivery methods come with their own merits and
demerits.
While choosing the type of delivery method, opting for a
delivery method that involves less pain is recommended.
In addition, taking the mother’s health into account is also
essential.
A doctor will recommend the method that will best avoid
complications and help achieve a smooth delivery.