 In cold climates fenestration should 

be large, un shaded
but sealed. This would enable heat gain but reduce cool
breezes. Fenestration location would be of little
consequence. In composite zone where all three
conditions may occur, window shades hold the key

 In cold climates heat loss through the window at night

can be substantial. Window areas would be limited by
this as well. Heat gain system like the trombe-wall and
solar wall address just this issue. While they allow for
heat gain during the day, heat loss at night is
minimized.
 Vernacular architecture and solar passive features in cold and cloudy climatic zone:
(B) building in south slopes, receiving the maximum solar radiation and openings are smaller in size
(C) low energy dwellings made up of locally available materials like bamboo and wood and floor is elevated from the ground,
(D) low energy dwellings on south slopes to receive maximum radiation
Shading, openings and use of natural ventilation
Size of windows and doors in the vernacular architec-ture of this region are small. Ventilators are not presentin the houses of this region (Fig.
7C). In this climatic zone,windows and doors are about 30–40% of the total floor area. Window to wall ratio is about 0.15.
Very few houseshave glazing in the windows. Often windows and doors arecompletely made up of wood. This considerably reducesthe natural
indoor illumination level. In our field experi-ments, it has been found that the natural illumination levellies in between 15 and 22 Lux. This
natural illumination value is very low as compared to the standard that lies at 50Lux in family living rooms

the external walls of the houseshave openings by about 5–8 cm from the floor
  Fenestration is normally viewed as an aesthetic
feature, but it also affects building performance.
...
There are three main types of doors:
Revolving doors, serving entrance and exit functions.
Swing doors, serving entrance and exit functions.
Industrial doors, serving material handling and
security functions

 Fenestrations can easily be enabled to be energy-efficient, with areas covering the U-

value of the glazing to protect the building from heat transfer, the solar heat gain
coefficient to boost energy performance, and visible light transmission that calibrates
the amount of light entering a building. When taken into account, these three factors
can significantly enhance the comfort, energy performance, and liveability of the
building.
 KIRTI

 LOW CEILING HEIGHT

 • DRAW SUNPATH

REKHA
MAHAK
ISHU
JAHANVI