M05 Create Solid Model

Chapter 5
Creating the Solid Model

Chapter 5 – Creating the Geometry
Overview Training Manual
INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• The purpose of this chapter is to review some preliminary
modeling considerations, discuss how to import one’s geometry
into ANSYS, and finally discuss how to create one’s geometry
using ANSYS native commands.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-2
What to model? Training Manual

• Many modeling decisions must be made before building an
analysis model:
– How much detail should be included?
– Does symmetry apply?
– Will the model contain stress singularities?
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-3
…What to model? Training Manual

Details
• Small details that are unimportant to the analysis should not be

included in the analysis model. You can suppress such features
before sending a model to ANSYS from a CAD system.
• For some structures, however, "small" details such as fillets or

holes can be locations of maximum stress and might be quite
important, depending on your analysis objectives.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-4

Symmetry
• Many structures are symmetric in some form and allow only a

representative portion or cross-section to be modeled.
• The main advantages of using a symmetric model are:

– It is generally easier to create the model.
– It allows you to make a finer, more detailed model and thereby obtain
better results than would have been possible with the full model.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-5

• To take advantage of symmetry, all of the following must be
symmetric:
– Geometry
– Material properties
– Loading conditions
• There are different types of symmetry:

– Axisymmetry
– Rotational
– Planar or reflective
– Repetitive or translational
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-6

Axisymmetry
• Symmetry about a central axis, such as in light bulbs, straight

pipes, cones, circular plates, and domes.
• Plane of symmetry is the cross-section anywhere around the

structure. Thus you are using a single 2-D “slice” to represent 360°
— a real savings in model size!
• Loading is also assumed to be

axisymmetric in most cases. However,
if it is not, and if the analysis is linear,
the loads can be separated into
harmonic components for independent
solutions that can be superimposed.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-7

Rotational symmetry
• Repeated segments arranged about a central axis, such as in

turbine rotors.
• Only one segment of the structure needs to be modeled.
• Loading is also assumed to be symmetric about the axis.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-8

Planar or reflective symmetry
• One half of the structure is a mirror image of the other half. The
mirror is the plane of symmetry.
• Loading may be symmetric or anti-symmetric about the plane of

symmetry.
This model illustrates

both reflective and
rotational symmetry
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-9

Repetitive or translational symmetry
• Repeated segments arranged along a straight line, such as a long

pipe with evenly spaced cooling fins.
• Loading is also assumed to be “repeated” along the length of the

model.
This model illustrates both repetitive and reflective symmetry.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-10

• In some cases, only a few minor details will disrupt a structure's
symmetry. You may be able to ignore such details (or treat them
as being symmetric) in order to gain the benefits of using a
smaller model. How much accuracy is lost as the result of such a
compromise might be difficult to estimate.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-11

Stress singularities
• A stress singularity is a location in a finite element model where

the stress value is unbounded (infinite). Examples:
– A point load, such as an applied force or moment
– An isolated constraint point, where the reaction force behaves like a
point load
– A sharp re-entrant corner (with zero fillet radius)
• As the mesh density is refined at

a stress singularity, the stress value P = P/A
increases and never converges. As A  0,   
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-12

• Real structures do not contain stress singularities. They are a
fiction created by the simplifying assumptions of the model.
• So how do you deal with stress singularities?

– If they are located far away from the region of interest, you can simply
ignore them by deactivating the affected zone while reviewing results.
– If they are located in the region of interest, you will need to take
corrective action, such as:
• adding a fillet at re-entrant corners and reruning the analysis.
• replacing a point force with an equivalent pressure load.
• “spreading out” displacement constraints over a set of nodes.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-13
Chapter 5 – Importing Geometry
IGES Imports Training Manual

• The general procedure to import an IGES file has already been
discussed in Chapter 4. In this section, we will explore some of
the options available:
– the two methods, No Defeaturing and Defeaturing
– the Merge, Solid, and Small options
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-14
…IGES Imports Training Manual

• No Defeaturing Method — Imports and stores geometry in the
standard ANSYS database. [ioptn,iges,nodefeat]
+ Faster and more reliable than the Defeaturing method.
+ Allows the full set of solid model operations.
– No defeaturing tools are available.
+ This is the DEFAULT and recommended method.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-15

• Defeaturing Method — Imports and stores geometry in a
special database that allows you to repair and defeature
the model. [ioptn,iges,defeat]
+ Ability to defeature, i.e, to remove minor details such as
protrusions, cavities, and small holes.
– Because of the special database used to store geometry,
only a limited number of solid model operations are
available.
– Generally requires more memory and is somewhat slower
than the “No defeaturing” method.
+ This method is efficient for single solid models that will be
imported, loaded, meshed and solved.
– In general, it is NOT recommended when advanced
geometry capabilities are required.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-16

• Merge Option
– YES by default, to merge coincident entities so that adjacent areas
meet at a common line, and adjacent lines meet at a common keypoint.
– Switch it to NO only if you are using the Defeaturing method and your
initial attempt runs out of memory.
– ioptn,merge,yes/no
merge
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-17

• Solid Option
– YES default, to automatically create a volume (solid) after importing
and merging.
– Switch it to NO if you want to import surfaces only and create a shell
or 2-D plane model.
– ioptn,solid,yes/no
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-18

• Small Option
– YES by default, to automatically delete small, sliver-like areas that
might be troublesome for meshing.
– Available only for the Defeature method.
– Switch it to NO if you find gaps or “holes” in the model.
– ioptn,small,yes/no
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-19
Connection Products Training Manual

• IGES importing works quite well, but because of the dual
translation process — CAD  IGES  ANSYS — there are many
cases when a 100% translation is not achieved.
• ANSYS Connection products help overcome this problem by

directly reading the “native” part files produced by the CAD
package:
– Connection for Pro/ENGINEER (“Pro/E” for short)
– Connection for Unigraphics (“UG” for short)
– Connection for SAT
– Connection for Parasolid
– Connection for CATIA
• To use a connection product, you need to purchase the

appropriate license.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-20
…Connection Products Training Manual

• Connection for Pro/E
– Reads .prt file produced by Pro/ENGINEER (from Parametric
Technology Corp.).
– Requires Pro/ENGINEER software.
– Can also read a Pro/Engineer assembly file (.asm)
– Utility Menu > File > Import > Pro/E...
– Or ~proein
Defeaturing option available

No Defeaturing is default
Command that launches your Pro/E

October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-21

• Connection for UG
– Reads .prt file produced by Unigraphics (from Electronic Data Systems
Corp.).
– Requires Unigraphics software.
– Utility Menu > File > Import > UG...
– Or ~ugin
Option to read only

selected layers and
geometry types

October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-22

• Connection for SAT
– Reads .sat file produced by CAD packages that use the ACIS modeler.
– Does not require ACIS software.
– Utility Menu > File > Import > SAT...
– Or ~satin
Option to read only

selected geometry types

October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-23

• Connection for Parasolid
– Reads .x_t or .xmt_txt file produced by CAD packages that use the
Parasolid modeler.
– Does not require Parasolid software.
– Utility Menu > File > Import > PARA...
– Or ~parain
Option to read only

selected geometry types

Option to scale geometry
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-24

• Connection for CATIA
– Reads .model or .dvl file produced by the CATIA
– Requires CATIA software.
– Utility Menu > File > Import > Catia
– Or ~catiain
Option to import blanked

bodies
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-25
Workshops Training Manual

• Refer to your Workshop Supplement for instructions on:
W5A. Importing Geometry – IGES Import
W5B. Importing Geometry – SAT Part Import
W5C. Importing Geometry – SAT Assembly Import
W5D. Importing Geometry – Parasolid Part Import
W5E. Importing Geometry – Parasolid Assembly Import
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-26
Chapter 5 – ANSYS Native Commands
Overview Training Manual

• Importing geometry is convenient, but sometimes you may need
to create it in ANSYS. Some possible reasons:
– You may need to build a parametric model — one defined in terms of
variables for later use in design optimization or sensitivity studies.
– The geometry may not be available in a format ANSYS can read.
– The Connection product you need may not be available on your
computer platform.
– You may need to modify or add geometry to an imported part or
assembly.
• ANSYS has an extensive set of geometry creation tools, which we

will discuss next.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-27
Definitions Training Manual

• Solid Modeling can be defined as the process of
creating solid models.
• Let’s review some earlier definitions: Volumes

– A solid model is defined by volumes, areas, lines,
and keypoints.
– Volumes are bounded by areas, areas by lines, and
lines by keypoints. Areas
– Hierarchy of entities from low to high: keypoints 
lines  areas  volumes. You cannot delete an
Lines &
entity if a higher-order entity is attached to it.
Keypoints
• Also, a model with just areas and below, such as
a shell or 2-D plane model, is still considered a Volumes
solid model in ANSYS terminology. Areas
Lines
Keypoints
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-28
…Definitions Training Manual

• There are two approaches to creating a solid model:
– Top-down
– Bottom-up
• Top-down modeling starts with a definition of volumes (or areas),

which are then combined in some fashion to create the final
shape.
add
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-29
…Definitions Training Manual

• Bottom-up modeling starts with keypoints, from which you “build
up” lines, areas, etc.
• You may choose whichever approach best suits the shape of the
model, and also freely combine both methods.
• We will now discuss each modeling approach in detail.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-30
Top-Down Modeling Training Manual

• Top-down modeling starts with a definition of volumes (or areas),
which are then combined in some fashion to create the final
shape.
– The volumes or areas that you initially define are called primitives.
– Primitives are located and oriented with the help of the working plane.
– The combinations used to produce the final shape are called Boolean
operations.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-31
…Top-Down Modeling Training Manual

• Primitives are predefined geometric shapes such as circles,
polygons, and spheres.
• 2-D primitives include rectangles, circles, triangles, and other

polygons.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-32

• 3-D primitives include blocks, cylinders, prisms, spheres, and
cones.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-33

• When you create a 2-D primitive, ANSYS defines an area, along
with its underlying lines and keypoints.
• When you create a 3-D primitive, ANSYS defines a volume, along

with its underlying areas, lines and keypoints.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-34

• You can create primitives by specifying their dimensions or by
picking locations in the graphics window.
– For example, to create a solid circle:
• Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Areas- Circle >
Instructions
By picking
Picker Pick the center and radius
in graphics window...
...Or enter values here
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-35

– To create a block:
• Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Volumes- Block >
Instructions
By picking Pick the

desired locations
Picker
in graphics window...
...Or enter values here
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-36

• The “WP” in the prompts and in the picker stands for Working
Plane — a movable, 2-D reference plane used to locate and orient
primitives.
– By default, the WP origin coincides with the global origin, but you can
move it and/or rotate it to any desired position.
– By displaying a grid, you can use the WP as a “drawing tablet.”
– WP is infinite despite the grid settings.
he
ig
ht
WY
WY WX
th
id
w
X1
Y2
X2
Y1 WP (X,Y)
WX October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-37

• All working plane controls are in
Utility Menu > WorkPlane.
• The WP Settings menu controls the

following:
– WP display - triad only (default), grid only, or
both.
– Snap - allows you to pick locations on the WP
easily by “snapping” the cursor to the nearest
grid point.
– Grid spacing - the distance between grid
lines.
– Grid size - how much of the (infinite) working
plane is displayed.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-38

• You can move the working plane
to any desired position using
the Offset and Align menus.
– Offset WP by Increments…
• Use the push buttons (with
increment set by slider).
• Or type in the desired
increments.
• Or use dynamic mode
(similar to pan-zoom-rotate).
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-39

– Offset WP to >
This simply “translates” the WP,
maintaining its current orientation, to
the desired destination, which can be:
• Existing keypoint(s). Picking
multiple keypoints moves WP to
their average location.
• Existing node(s).
• Coordinate location(s).
• Global origin.
• Origin of the active coordinate
system (discussed later).
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-40

– Align WP with >
This reorients the WP.
• For example, Align WP with Keypoints
prompts you to pick 3 keypoints -
one at the origin, one to define the
X-axis, and one to define the X-Y
plane.
• To return the WP to its default
position (at global origin, on global
X-Y plane), click on Align WP with >
Global Cartesian.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-41

• Demo:
– Clear the database
– Display WP and create a few keypoints by picking. Note the coordinates
displayed in the picker.
– Turn on the grid, change spacing, and activate snap.
– Create more keypoints. Note how the cursor snaps to grid points.
– Define 2 rectangles — one by picking corners and one by dimensions.
– Now offset WP to average of a few keypoints, then rotate in-plane by 30º.
– Define 2 more rectangles by picking and by dimensions. Note the change in
rectangle orientation.
– Align WP with global origin, then define some 3-D primitives. Use picking as
well as “By dimensions.”
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-42

• Boolean operations are computations involving combinations of
geometric entities. ANSYS Boolean operations include add,
subtract, intersect, divide, glue, and overlap.
• The “input” to Boolean operations can be any geometric entity,

ranging from simple primitives to complicated volumes imported
from a CAD system.
add
Input entities Boolean operation Output entity(ies)

October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-43

• All Boolean operations are available in the GUI under Preprocessor
> -Modeling- Operate.
• By default, input entities of a Boolean operation are deleted after

the operation.
• Deleted entity numbers become “free” (i.e., they will be assigned

to a new entity created, starting with the lowest available number).
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-44

• Add
– Combines two or more entities into one.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-45

• Glue
– Attaches two or more entities by creating a common boundary
between them.
– Useful when you want to maintain the distinction between entities
(such as for different materials).
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-46

• Overlap
– Same as glue, except that the input entities overlap each other.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-47

• Subtract
– Removes the overlapping portion of one or more entities from a set of
“base” entities.
– Useful for creating holes or trimming off portions of an entity.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-48

• Divide
– Cuts an entity into two or more pieces that are still connected to each
other by common boundaries.
– The “cutting tool” may be the working plane, an area, a line, or even a
volume.
– Useful for “slicing and dicing” a complicated volume into simpler
volumes for brick meshing.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-49

• Intersect
– Keeps only the overlapping portion of two or more entities.
– If there are more than two input entities, you have two choices:
common intersection and pairwise intersection
• Common intersection finds the common overlapping region among
all input entities.
• Pairwise intersection finds the overlapping region for each pair of
entities and may produce more than one output entity.
Common Pairwise
Intersection Intersection
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-50

• Partition
– Cuts two or more intersecting entities into multiple pieces that are still
connected to each other by common boundaries.
– Useful, for example, to find the intersection point of two lines and still
retain all four line segments, as shown below. (An intersection
operation would return the common keypoint and delete both lines.)
L2 L6
L1 Partition L3
L4
L5
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-51

• Demo:
– “Drill” a hole by subtracting a circle from a rectangle (or a cylinder
from a block)
– Create two overlapping entities, save db, and do the overlap operation.
Now resume db and add the entities. Note the difference between the
two operations. (Glue is similar to overlap.)
– Interesting model:
• block,-2,2, 0,2, -2,2
• sphere,2.5,2.7
• vinv,all ! intersection
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-52

W5F. Pillow Block
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-53
Bottom-Up Modeling Training Manual

• Bottom-up modeling begins with a definition of keypoints, from
which other entities are “built up.”
• To build an L-shaped object, for example, you could start by

defining the corner keypoints as shown below. You can then
create the area by simply “connecting the dots” or by first
defining lines and then defining the area by lines.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-54
…Bottom-Up Modeling Training Manual

• To define keypoints:
– Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > Keypoints
– Or use the K family of commands: K, KFILL,
KNODE, etc.
• The only data needed to create a keypoint is the keypoint number

and the coordinate location.
– Keypoint number defaults to the next available number.
– The coordinate location may be provided by simply picking locations
on the working plane or by entering the X,Y,Z values.
How are the X,Y,Z values interpreted? It depends on the active
coordinate system.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-55

Active Coordinate System
• Defaults to global Cartesian.
• Use CSYS command (or Utility Menu

> WorkPlane > Change Active CS to) to
change it to
– global Cartesian [csys,0]
– global cylindrical [csys,1]
– global spherical [csys,2]
– working plane [csys,4]
– or a user-defined local coordinate
system [csys, n]
Each of these systems is explained

next.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-56

Global Coordinate System
• The global reference system for the model.
• May be Cartesian (system 0), cylindrical (1), or spherical (2).

– For example, location (0,10,0) in global Cartesian is the same as
(10,90,0) in global Cylindrical.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-57

Local Coordinate System
• A user-defined system at a desired location, with ID

number 11 or greater. The location may be:
– At WP origin [CSWP]
– At specified coordinates [LOCAL]
– At existing keypoints [CSKP] or nodes [CS]
• May be Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical.
• May be rotated about X, Y, Z axes.
Y12
Y X12
Y11
X11
X October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-58

Working Plane Coordinate System
• Attached to the working plane.
• Used mainly to locate and orient solid model primitives.
• You can also use the working plane to define keypoints by

picking.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-59

• You can define any number of
coordinate systems, but only one may
be active at any given time.
• Several geometry items are affected

by the coordinate system [CSYS] that
is active at the time they are defined:
– Keypoint and node locations
– Line curvature
– Area curvature
– Generation and “filling” of keypoints
and nodes
– Etc.
• The graphics window title shows the

active system.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-60

• There are many ways to create lines, as shown here.
• If you define areas or volumes, ANSYS will automatically generate

any undefined lines, with the curvature determined by the active
CS.
• Keypoints must be available in order to create lines.

Create > Create > Create > Operate >
-Lines- Lines -Lines- Arcs -Lines- Splines Extrude / Sweep
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-61

• Creating areas using bottom-up method requires keypoints or
lines to be already defined.
• If you define volumes, ANSYS will automatically generate any

undefined areas and lines, with the curvature determined by the
active CS.
Create > Operate > Extrude

-Areas- Arbitrary
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-62

• Creating volumes using bottom-up method requires keypoints or
areas to be already defined.
Create > Operate > Extrude

-Volumes- Arbitrary
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-63

• Demo:
– Clear the database
– Create 5 keypoints at (1,2), (3,2), (4,0), (1,1.5), (2.5,0)
– Switch to CSYS,1 and create a line “in active CS” between KP4 & KP5
– Switch back to CSYS,0 and create an area “through KP’s.” Notice that
the remaining lines were automatically generated lines, all of them
straight.
– Define two circles:
• 0.3R, centered at (2.25,1.5)
• 0.35R, centered at (3.0,0.6)
– Subtract the two circles from base area. (We have used a combination
of bottom-up and top-down modeling.)
– Save as r.db
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-64

• Boolean operations are available for entities created by both top-
down and bottom-up modeling approaches.
• Besides Booleans, many other operations are available:

– Extrude
– Scale
– Move
– Copy
– Reflect
– Merge
– Fillet
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-65

Extrude
• To quickly create volumes from existing areas (or areas

from lines, and lines from keypoints).
• If the area is meshed, you can extrude the elements

along with the areas.
• Four ways to extrude areas:

– Along normal — creates volume by normal offset of areas
[VOFFST] .
– By XYZ offset — creates volume by a general x-y-z offset
[VEXT]. Allows tapered extrusion.
– About axis — creates volume by revolving areas about an
axis (specified by two keypoints) [VROTAT].
– Along lines — creates volume by “dragging” areas along a
line or a set of contiguous lines [VDRAG].
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-66

• Scaling is typically needed when you want to convert the geometry to a
different set of units, say from inches to millimeters.
• To scale a model in ANSYS:

– First save the database -- Toolbar >
SAVE_DB or SAVE command.
– Then Main Menu > Preprocessor > Operate >
Scale > Volumes (choose the highest-level
entity available in the model)
• [Pick All] to pick all volumes
• Then enter desired scale factors for
RX, RY, RZ and set IMOVE to “Moved”
instead of “Copied”
– Or use the VLSCALE command:
• vlscale,all,,,25.4,25.4,25.4,,,1
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-67

Move
• To translate or rotate an entity by

specifying DX,DY,DZ offsets.
– DX,DY,DZ are interpreted in the active CS.
– To translate an entity, make the active CS
Cartesian.
– To rotate an entity, make the active CS
cylindrical or spherical. Transfer
– Or use the commands Rotate from csys,0
• VGEN, AGEN, LGEN, KGEN -30° to csys,11
• Another option is to transfer coordinates
to a different system.
– Transfer occurs from the active CS to a
specified CS.
– This operation is useful when you need to
move and rotate an entity at the same
time.
– Or use the commands
• VTRAN, ATRAN, LTRAN, KTRAN
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-68

Copy
• To generate multiple copies of an

entity.
• Specify the number of copies (2 or

greater) and the DX,DY,DZ offset for
Copy in
each copy. DX,DY,DZ are interpreted
local
in the active CS.
cylindrical
CS
• Useful to create multiple holes, ribs,
protrusions, etc.
Create outer
areas by
skinning
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-69

Reflect
• To reflect entities about a plane.
• Specify the direction of reflection:

– X for reflection about the YZ plane
– Y for XZ plane
– Z for XY plane
All directions are interpreted in the

active CS, which must be a Cartesian
system.
What is the direction of

reflection in this case?October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-70

Merge
• To attach two entities together by removing coincident keypoints.

– Merging keypoints will automatically merge coincident higher-order entities, if
any.
• Usually required after a reflect, copy, or other operation that causes

coincident entities.
Reflect Merge or glue

required
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-71

Fillet
• Line fillet requires two intersecting lines with a

common keypoint at the intersection.
– If the common keypoint does not exist, do a
partition operation first.
– ANSYS does not update the underlying area (if
any), so you need to either add or subtract the fillet
region.
• Area filleting is similar. Create

fillet
Subtract from Create

base area area
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-72

• Demo:
– Resume r.db (if necessary)
– Create two keypoints for the axis, at (0,0) and (0,1), then extrude the area by
revolving about the axis 60º
– Resume r.db
– Make copies of the rib radially about the Y-axis:
• Create a local cylindrical CS at global origin, with THYZ = -90
• Generate 7 total copies (6 new ones) with DY=15
– Create the three outer “skin” areas using ASKIN,P
– Resume r.db
– Create a 0.5R fillet between the top and right lines. (Notice that the lines
attached to the area have been modified. This is allowed in some cases.)
– Create the triangular fillet area by lines (AL,P), then subtract it from the main
area.
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-73

W5G. Connecting Rod – Bottom-Up Approach
W5H. Connecting Rod – Importation/Clean-up
October 30,
2001
Inventory
#001569
5-74

M05 Create Solid Model

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

M05 Create Solid Model

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 5

Creating the Solid Model

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• Small details that are unimportant to the analysis should not be

• For some structures, however, "small" details such as fillets or

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• Many structures are symmetric in some form and allow only a

• The main advantages of using a symmetric model are:

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• There are different types of symmetry:

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• Symmetry about a central axis, such as in light bulbs, straight

• Plane of symmetry is the cross-section anywhere around the

• Loading is also assumed to be

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• Repeated segments arranged about a central axis, such as in

• Only one segment of the structure needs to be modeled.

• Loading is also assumed to be symmetric about the axis.

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• Loading may be symmetric or anti-symmetric about the plane of

This model illustrates

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• Repeated segments arranged along a straight line, such as a long

• Loading is also assumed to be “repeated” along the length of the

This model illustrates both repetitive and reflective symmetry.

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• A stress singularity is a location in a finite element model where

• As the mesh density is refined at

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• So how do you deal with stress singularities?

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• ANSYS Connection products help overcome this problem by

• To use a connection product, you need to purchase the

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

Defeaturing option available

Command that launches your Pro/E

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

Option to read only

Defeaturing option available

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

Option to read only

Defeaturing option available

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

Option to read only

Defeaturing option available

Option to scale geometry

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

Option to import blanked

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• ANSYS has an extensive set of geometry creation tools, which we

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 6.0 - Part 1

• Let’s review some earlier definitions: Volumes