Internet Service Provider

Prepared By : Ankit Sharma

Agenda

• Who are ISPs?

• History of Internet & formation of ISPs
• Internet Service Providers Worldwide
• ISPs Connection
• Internet Backbone
• Types of Connection
Who are the ISP’s ?

An Internet service provider (abbr. ISP, also

called Internet access provider or IAP) is a
business or organization that provides
consumers or businesses access to the
Internet and related services. In the past, most
ISPs were run by the phone companies. Now,
ISPs can be started by just about any
individual or group with sufficient money and
expertise.
History of Internet & formation of ISPs
 The Internet began in 1969, as an experiment four-computer network called
ARPAnet, which was designed by the U.S Defense Department so that
research scientists could communicate.
 In approximately two years, ARPAnet grew to about two-dozen sites and by
1981, consisted of more than two hundered sites. In 1990, ARPAnet was
officially disbanded and the network, which now consisted of hundered of
sites, came to be known as the Internet.
 After a while, commercial organizations began to recognize the use of such
a network which converted the whole world into a Global Village and
allowed almost instant access to business or commerce data and a host of
other services such as E-mail and E-commerce.
 The rapid growth of the Internet was due to networking giants like British
Telecom, Hyundai, AT&T and others setting up fast and reliable networks
encircled the globe. The networking qiants were very clear about their role.
This was to setup and maintain, monitor and expand existing networks.
Hence another layer was formed above this layer called ISP's (Internet
Service Providers) The networking giants gave access to the lnternet via
Gateways.
Internet Service Providers Worldwide
The U.S. has nearly ten times as many internet service providers as its closest
competitor, Canada. The U.S. is off this chart with 7,000 internet service providers.

Countrie s with the Highe st Numbe r of Inte rnet Se rv ice Prov ide rs

800
700
600
500

400
300
200
100
0
ISPs connection
 Networking Giants - ISP's offer clients' access to the Internet via
gateways. An ISP's gateway generally consists of a server with a
permanent connection to the lnternet. The Server's connection to
the internet is called its Internet Pipeline. ISP pipeline
bandwidths of 2GB to 10GB are quite common.

 Clients connection to ISPs - Clients that log into the Internet via
an ISP commonly use only 33.6 Kilobyte of the ISP's bandwidth
occasionally a client whose data traffic is very high will use special
connectivity methods (ISDN) to an ISP's server and use between
64Kbps to 128Kbps of the ISP's bandwidth. If a client has huge
data traffic then a client could directly negotiate with a networking
giant to have its own private Gateway to the Internet.
ISPs connection contd….

The Internet consists of two types of computers Servers and Clients

(1) Computers which offer information to be read are called Servers
(2) Computers that read the information offered are called Clients

Servers run special software ( Web Server software) that allows them to
(1) Respond to Client requests for information.
(2) Accept data from Clients.
Internet Backbone
Various types of connection

(1) Dial-up

(2) DSL

(3) Wireless Broadband

(4) ISDN
 Dial-up

 Dial-up access is a form of Internet access via

telephone line. The client uses a modem connected to a
computer and a telephone line to dial into an
Internet service provider's (ISP) node to establish a
modem-to-modem link, which is then routed to the
Internet
DSL

 DSL or xDSL, is a family of technologies that provide

digital data transmission over the wires of a local
telephone network. DSL originally stood for digital
subscriber loop, although in recent years, manyhave
adopted digital subscriber line as a more marketing-
friendly term for the most popular version of
consumer-ready DSL, ADSL. DSL uses high
frequency, regular telephone uses low frequency.
 Typically, the download speed of consumer DSL
services ranges from 512 kilobits per second (kbit/s) to
24,000 kbit/s, depending on DSL technology
Wireless Broadband

 Wireless Broadband is a fairly new

technology that provides high-speed wireless
internet and data network access over a wide
area.According to the 802.16-2004 standard,
broadband means 'having instantaneous
bandwidth greater than around 1 MHz and
supporting data rates greater than about 1.5
Mbit/s. This means that Wireless Broadband
features speeds roughly equivalent to wired
broadband access, such as that of ADSL or a
cable modem.
ISDN

 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

is a circuit-switched telephone network
system, designed to allow digital transmission
of voice and data over ordinary telephone
copper wires, resulting in better voice quality
than an analog phone. It offers circuit-switched
connections (for either voice or data) in
increments of 64 kbit/s. One of the major use
cases is Internet access, where ISDN typically
provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s (which
cannot be considered to be a broadband
speed).