Management

is a science
or Art

PRESENTED BY
AGLAIA
 Management as an Art
characteristics

• “Art is a systematic body of knowledge that requires

creativity and skill. An artist also needs constant
practice to become perfect or reach a certain level of
perfection
considered acceptable”.
• An individual or specific person must use his skills
and creativity to produce something impressive.
• Once the basic principles are learned, students will
then be required to take them further and also mix with
their creativity to
 Features that Makes
Management an Art
• These are features of art that apply to
management. It clearly shows that calling it art is
not out of place.

1. Use of Theoretical Knowledge

2. Personalized Application

3. Practice and Creativity

 Use of Theoretical
Knowledge
• Art is learned and applied. The learning process
comes before the application.
• There is a vast amount of resources to learn and
develop industry knowledge on art which includes
study materials and books available to help artists
acquire a better understanding and deliver quality
output.
• managers can learn about management operations
and principles provided in study materials. It’s also a
feature in art.
 Personalized Application
• One can learn and acquire theoretical knowledge
while studying art, but it doesn’t end there.
• Every artist is expected to possess personal skills
and creativity so he or she can put the knowledge
gained to good use.
• Even when two or more artists learn the same
thing, their creativity and skills will determine
how well they will end up using the knowledge
gained.
• Two or more managers can learn the same thing,
but the result produced might be
 Practice and
Creativity
• Every artist needs practice to reach perfection.
• A manager by certification will not go far without practicing
or securing a managerial role.
• Those management principles learned, in theory, must
be put to practice.
• Applied with creativity, the manager can identify areas he or
she needs to develop and work on accordingly. So, training is
essential in art and management. Hence management is an art
because they both
 Goal-Oriented
• Every art is result oriented as it seeks to
achieve concrete results.
• In the same manner, management is also
directed towards accomplishment of pre-
determined goals.
• Managers use various resources like men,
money, material, machinery & methods to
promote growth of an organization.
 How Management is a
Science
• Science is obtaining information about a particular
object by a systematic pattern of observation, study,
practice, experiments, and investigation.
• Management process also follows the same pattern.
Gathering data and facts, analyzing them and making a
decision based on analysis, are the basic functions of
the management.
• Management follows a systematic method to find the
possible solution for a
• It is not as “Science” as physical sciences such as
chemistry or biology which deal with non-human
entities.
• The inclusion of the human element in
managing makes this discipline not only
complex but also debatable as a pure science.
• Human behavior is unpredictable; people think, act
or react differently under identical circumstances.
• management can never become as pure science.
However, the study of the scientific foundations of
management practice can
definitely improve one’s management skills.
• Managers who attempt to manage without
management science have to trust their intuition
or luck at their peril rather than
 The Elements of Science in
Management
• Science presupposes the existence of organized
knowledge. The elements are ;
1. Concepts: Scientific approach requires a clear
“concepts” of mental images of anything formed by
generalization from particulars. Managing has concepts
to deal with situations.
2. Methods and principles: “Scientific method”
involves the determination of facts through
observation. This leads to the development of
“principles” which
 Theories
• A ‘theory” is a systematic grouping of interdependent
concepts and principles that give a framework to, or
ties together, a significant area of knowledge.
• Management studies over the years developed many
proved theories for making management more realistic or
scientific.
• Organized knowledge: Science is organized Knowledge. If
we compare, management at the present day is a distinct
field of organized knowledge. Concepts, methods,
principles, theories etc. are now the core of management.
• Practice: The theories of managing are the results of
practice, and the role of such theories is to provide a
systematic grouping
 Management as both
Science & Art
• Management is also Science. It involves everything
used in classifying a field like science. For instance,
science establishes a cause and effect relationship
between variables. It also takes into account, the
principles that bind the variables in question.
• However, scientific principles are established via
the usual scientific methods which involve testing.
And this process includes the observation and
Science and Art
verification done through a series of testing.
• Many authors and individuals regard management
as a group. Some also view it as an art and
profession. But to know if management sincerely
represents these things
For more…. Mail to
aglaiaconnect2018@gm
il.com