MODULAR

ARITHMETIC
CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS
• He developed Modular Arithmetic and
introduced the modern approach in his
book "Disquisitiones Arithmeticae",
which was published in 1801.
WHAT DOES MODULAR ARITHMETIC MEAN?

• In Mathematics, modular arithmetic is special category of arithmetic that

makes use only integers.
• It is also considered as Arithmetic of any nontrivial homomorphic images
• Arithmetic of congruence.
• Modular Arithmetic is usually associated with prime numbers divided by
the unique is equal.
WHAT DOES MODULAR MEAN?

• Arithmetic of congruence.
• Modular Arithmetic is usually associated with
prime numbers divided by the unique is equal.
USES OF MODULAR ARITHMETIC:

• It is uses to calculate checksums for

international standard book numbers
and bank identifiers and to support
errors in them
APPLICATION OF MODULAR ARITHMETIC
APPLICATION OF MODULAR ARITHMETIC

• Is used extensively in pure mathematics where it

is cornerstone of number of theory but it also has
many practical application.
MODULO ARITHMETIC IN NAMING THE MONTHS
IN A YEAR
• Months in a year

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MODULO ARITHMETIC IN NAMING THE DAYS IN
A WEEK
• Naming of Days in a Week

MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3
 SET OF POSITIVE INTEGERS
AND THE ELEMENT

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
MODULAR ARITHMETIC

• The ‘clock arithmetic’

• System of arithmetic for
integers where the numbers
wrap after they reach a certain
value which is called as the
modulus.
 FOR EXAMPLE :
 
a clock with the 12
replaced by a 0 would be
the circle for a modulus
of 12.
12
FOR EXAMPLE:

•  
Evaluate 8 (mod 4) 0
mod 4=?
8 (mod 4)
• With a modulus of 4 we make a clock with
8 mod = 0
numbers 0, 1, 2, 3. 3 1
We start at 0 and go through 8 numbers in a
2
clockwise sequence 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0.
• We ended up at 0 so 8 (mod 4) = 0
• 8 4)
INTRODUCTION GROUP THEORY

• A group of theory which are systems consisting of a set

of elements and binary operation that can be applied to
two elements of set to satisfy the certain axioms.
• Group theory is the study of algebraic structures.
 BRANCHES OF GROUP THEORY

• LINEAR ALGEBRAIC GROUP

- A subgroup or a matrix group that is also an affine variety.
- It may be defined over any field, including those of positive characteristics.
• LIE GROUP
A manifold is a space that locally resembles Euclidean space, where as groups define the abstract,
generic concept of multiplication and the taking if inverse(division)
Combining these two ideas, one obtains a continuous group where points can be multiplied
together, and their inverse can be taken.
ASSESSMENT:

• Modulo 12
1.Evaluate 13 Modulo 12

2. Evaluate 16 modulo 12

3. Evaluate 28 modulo 12