Thermodynamics

[ME 2101]
 Reference Books

 Engineering Thermodynamics (4th Edition)

Work and Heat Transfer
Gordon Rogers & Yon Mayhew
 Engineering Thermodynamics
Dwight C. Look, Jr. & Harry J. Sauer, Jr.
 Thermodynamics
An Engineering Approach
Yunus A. Cengel & Michael A. Boles
Heat Engines
Otto Cycle
Diesel Cycle
 VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM

 How does this intake and

exhaust occurs?

 How the timing of this intake

and exhaust is controlled?

 How these intake and

exhaust valve is controlled?
 A valve timing diagram is a graphical
representation of the opening and closing of the
intake and exhaust valve of the engine.
• depends upon the movement of piston from
TDC to BDC.
 Relative to the piston’s position, opening and
closing of valves are mapped by a graphical
representation, which is known as valve timing
diagram.
Theoretical Valve Timing Diagram

BDC
Actual Valve Timing Diagram (SI Engine)

BDC
[HINDI] Valve Timing Diagram - Petrol Engine - Working - Animation - Meaning - Valve Overlaping.mp4
Animation of Valve Timing Diagram (Petrol Engine)
Actual Valve Timing Diagram (Diesel Engine)
[HINDI] Valve Timing Diagram _ Diesel Engine _ Animation _ Valve Overlapping _ Working _ Meaning.mp4
Animation of Valve Timing Diagram (Diesel Engine)
 Crankshaft
245755033.mp4

Flywheel
315509964.mp4

Engine Dismantling
Beautiful Engine Teardown - Stop Motion - Miata MX5.mp4
Two Stroke Engines
# Only 2 piston strokes for compression and expansion or power
strokes. No piston stroke for either suction or exhaust operations.
PV Diagram of a 2-stroke Engine Cycle
Valve Timing Diagram
 4-Stroke vs. 2-Stroke Engines

• As far as efficiency goes, the 4-stroke certainly wins. This is

due to the fact that fuel is consumed once every 4 strokes.
• Four-stroke engines are heavier; they weigh upwards of 50%
more than a comparable 2-stroke engine.
• Typically, a 2-stroke engine creates more torque at a higher
RPM, while a 4-stroke engine creates a higher torque at a
lower RPM.
• The 4-stroke engine is also much quieter, a 2-stoke engine is
significantly louder and has a distinctive, high-pitched
“buzzing” sound.
• Because 2-stroke engines are designed to run at a higher
RPM, they also tend to wear out faster; a 4-stroke engine is
generally more durable. That being said, 2-stroke engines
are more powerful.
• Two-stroke engines are a much simpler design, making
them easier to fix. They do not have valves, but rather
ports. Four-stroke engines have more parts, therefore they
are more expensive and repairs cost more.
• Two-stroke engines require pre-mixing of oil and fuel,
while the 4-strokes do not.
• Four-strokes are more environmentally friendly; in a 2-
stroke engine, burnt oil is also released into the air with the
exhaust.