ENGINEERING GRAPHICS &

BUILDING INFORMATION
MODELLING (BIM)
Lecturer: Li Zhi
Zhi.li@njtech.edu.cn
L6 Relation of lines to planes, planes to
planes
6.1-Parallelism of lines to planes, planes to planes
6.2-Perpendicularity of lines to planes, planes to planes
6.3-Intersection of lines and planes, planes and planes
6.4-Substitution method
6.1-Parallelism of lines to planes, planes to planes
1 Parallelism of lines to planes
A straight line which is parallel to any line of the plane is parallel to
the plane.

1.1 Parallelism of lines to common planes

Parallelism of lines to planes Drawing a horizontal

line parallel to the plane
Example 1
1.2 Parallelism of lines to perpendicular plane of
projection
2 Plane parallel to a plane
In geometry, if a plane has two intersecting lines that are parallel to
the other two lines on the other plane, the two planes are parallel to
each other.
L6 Relation of lines to planes, planes to
planes
6.1-Parallelism of lines to planes, planes to planes
6.2-Perpendicularity of lines to planes, planes to planes
6.3-Intersection of lines and planes, planes and planes
6.4-Substitution method
6.2-Perpendicularity of lines to planes, planes to
planes
1 Line perpendicular to a plane
2 Plane perpendicular to a plane
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
L6 Relation of lines to planes, planes to
planes
6.1-Parallelism of lines to planes, planes to planes
6.2-Perpendicularity of lines to planes, planes to planes
6.3-Intersection of lines and planes, planes and planes
6.4-Substitution method
6.3-Intersection of lines and planes, planes and planes
1 Intersection of lines and planes, planes and planes
2 Intersection of planes
2.1 Intersection of two perpendicular planes
2.2 Intersection of two general planes
L6 Relation of lines to planes, planes to
planes
6.1-Parallelism of lines to planes, planes to planes
6.2-Perpendicularity of lines to planes, planes to planes
6.3-Intersection of lines and planes, planes and planes
6.4-Substitution method
6.4-Substitution method/ 换面法
1 Transform a general line to a parallel line of projection plane
2 Transform a parallel line of projection plane to a perpendicular
line of projection plane
3 Transform a general plane to a perpendicular plane
4 Transform a perpendicular plane to a parallel plane
Example 5. The actual angle between the plane ABC and the plane ABD
Twice substitution: The first substitution transforms the line AB to parallel line of
projection plane, and the second substitution transforms the line AB to
perpendicular line of the projection plane.

Angle
between two
planes
Example 6. Point E is on the
plane ABC, the distance to a2”
point A or point B is 15, ask 15
for the projection of point E.
15
b2” e 2”
(1) First substitution,

X1 V
H1
transform the general plane to
a perpendicular plane. b1
d2” c2”
b’ e1
(2) Second substitution, a1 V
transform the general plane to 2
e’ d1 H X
a parallel plane. c1 1
d’ 2
(3) Draw the actual projection a’
of point E. c’
(4) Infer the actual point E V
from the projection. X
H b
e d
a
c
Example 7