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Chapter 3 - Decimals
Chapter 3 - Decimals
Outline
Reduce all fractional answers to simplest form,
and convert improper fractions to mixed numbers
MIDTERM Next Class
◦ Chapters 1, 2, and 3
Study tips
◦ review slides
◦ your notes
◦ read sections in the book
look at example problems in book
Pay attention to what question is asking
◦ Prime factorization vs. Finding all factors
On homework/quizzes, clearly circle your answer
Class Project Handout
Whole
61.88 Decimal
part
Number part
Decimal Point
Introduction to Decimals
Just
as with whole numbers, decimal
numbers have place values:
thousandths
thousandths
thousandths
hundredths
hundreds
millionths
hundred-
tenths
ones
tens
Ten-
4 5 8 . 3 0 2 7 1 9
The position of a digit in a decimal
determines the digits place value
◦ 0 is in the hundredths, 3 is in the tenths
◦ 9 is in the _______
millionths place
◦ 4 is in the hundredths
_______ place
Introduction to Decimals
Rounding decimals is similar to rounding whole
numbers.
Approximate the decimal to any place value
◦ Steps
1. Write out the number to be rounded in a place value
chart
2. Look at the number to the right of the place value you
are rounding to.
1. If the number is > or = 5, increase the digit in the place value by 1, and
remove all digits to the right of it
2. If the number is < 5, remove it and all of the digits to the right of it.
Examples
◦ Round 0.46972 to the nearest thousandth
0.470
◦ Round 0.635457 to nearest hundred thousandths
0.63546
Introduction to Decimals
Class Examples
◦ Round 48.907 to the nearest tenth
48.9
◦ Round 31.8562 to the nearest whole number
32
◦ Round 3.675849 to the nearest ten-
thousandth
3.6758
Introduction to Decimals
Adding and subtracting decimal numbers
is the similar as adding and subtracting
whole numbers
Catch: first align the decimal points of
each number on a vertical line.
◦ Assures us that we are adding/subtracting
digits that are in the same place value
4290.3
000
16290.903
0
+ 65.0729
20646.2759
Addition/Subtraction of Decimals
Examples (Addition)
◦ Add:0.83 + 7.942 + 15
= 23.772
◦ Add: 23.037 + 16.7892
= 39.8262
Class Examples (Addition)
◦ Find the sum of 4.62, 27.9, and 0.62054
= 33.14054
◦ Add: 6.05 + 12 + 0.374
= 18.424
Addition/Subtraction of Decimals
Examples (Subtraction)
◦ Subtract: 39.047 – 7.96
= 31.087
◦ Find 9.23 less than 29
= 19.77
Class Examples (Subtraction)
◦ Subtract 72.039 – 8.47
= 63.569
◦ Subtract 35 – 9.67
= 25.33
Addition/Subtraction of Decimals
Multiplication of decimals is similar to
multiplication of whole numbers.
◦ Question: Where does decimal go?
Check this…
◦ 0.3 x 5 = 1.5
Start with 1 decimal place, answer has 1 decimal
place
◦ 0.3 x 0.5 = 0.15
Start with a total of 2 decimal places, answer has
2 decimal places
◦ 0.3 x 0.05 = 0.015
Start with a total of 3 decimal places, answer has
3 decimal places
Multiplication of Decimals
Multiplication Steps
1. Do the multiplication as if it were whole
numbers
2. To place the decimal in the right location
1. Count the total number of decimal places in all
of the factors
2. Starting from the right of the product, count the
total number of decimal places towards the left,
and place the decimal point there.
7. 704
Multiplication of Decimals
Examples
◦ 920 x 3.7
= 3404.0
◦ 0.00079 x 0.025
= 0.00001975
Class Examples
◦ 870 x 4.6
= 4002.0
◦ 0.000086 x 0.057
= 0.000004902
Multiplication of Decimals
To multiply a decimal by a power of 10 (for
example 10, 100, 1,000 etc.) move the
decimal to the right the same number of
times as there are zeros.
◦ 3.8925 x 10
= 38.925
◦ 3.8925 x 100
= 389.25
◦ 3.8925 x 1000
= 3892.5
◦ 3.8925 x 10000
= 38925.0
◦ 3.8925 x 100000
=389250.0 (Note: we added a zero before the
decimal)
Multiplication of Decimals
Dividing
decimals is similar to dividing whole
numbers.
◦ Same question…what about the decimal place?
Where does that go?
Steps
1.Make the divisor a whole number by shifting the
decimal to the right as many times as necessary.
2.Move the decimal in the dividend the same number
of times that we moved it in the divisor
Division of Decimals
Dividing decimals…contd
◦ Steps
1. Add zeros to the end of the dividend so that we
can round to the desired place value
◦ Example: Round quotient to nearest tenth write 2
zeros after the decimal
706 42090.00
◦ Round quotient to nearest thousandth need 4 zeros
after the decimal
706 42090.0000
Division of Decimals
Dividing decimals…contd
◦ Steps
1. Do the division as if it were whole numbers
2. Put the decimal place in the quotient directly
over the decimal point in the dividend
00059.61 ≈ 59.6
706 42090.00
Division of Decimals
Examples
◦ Divide 58.092 ÷ 82 round to the nearest
thousandth
= 0.7084 ≈ 0.708
◦ Divide: 420.9 ÷ 7.06, round to the nearest
tenth
= 59.61 ≈ 59.6
◦ Divide: 2.178 ÷ 0.039, round to the nearest
hundredth
≈ 55.85
Division of Decimals
Class Examples
◦ Divide 37.042 ÷ 76 round to the nearest
thousandth
= 0.4873 ≈ 0.487
◦ Divide: 370.2 ÷ 5.09, round to the nearest
tenth
= 72.73 ≈ 72.7
Division of Decimals
To divide a decimal by a power of 10 (for
example 10, 100, 1,000 etc.) move the
decimal to the left the same number of times
as there are zeros. Fill in the blank spaces
with zeros.
◦ 34.65 ÷ 10 or 101
= 3.465
◦ 34.65 ÷ 100 or 102
= 0.3465
◦ 34.65 ÷ 1000 or 103
= 0.03465
◦ 34.65 ÷ 10000 or 104
= 0.003465
Division of Decimals
Fractions and decimals are two ways of
representing parts of a whole number.
◦ ¼ is a portion of 1 whole
◦ 0.345 is a portion of 1 whole
Every fraction can be written as a decimal
Every decimal can be written as a fraction