CHAPTER-3

DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS
Characteristic of lines:-

1 Vertical lines:-
• It shows dignity, discipline and strength.
• It emphasis height.
• It makes people appear thin and slender.

2. Horizontal lines:-
• It give sense of rest.
• Too many horizontal lines strain the eyes.
• Make a person look heavier and wider.
3. Diagonal lines:-
• It breaks the mandatory eg. Horizontal and vertical.
• Helps to move Eyes around room.
• More difficult to use in garment.
• Can create more interesting pattern then vertical and horizontal lines.

4. Curved lines:-
• They are informal types of lines.
• Portray grace, youthfulness.
• Gives a sense of relaxation.
Effects of lines in garments:-
The direction that the line falls affects the design, message and illusion drastically.

1. Straight lines:-
• Message- Forcefully, rigid, strong, hard, formal, masculine, crisp, stiff.
• Illusion- Increases, emphasize reinforce,body lines and angles, countered, curved lines and
round body shapes.
• Placements- Closures, necklines, collar, seamlines, darts, tucks, pleats folds, strips, shapes,
silhouettes.

2. Curved lines:-
• Message:- Gentle, romantic, fragile, soft, casual, feminine, graceful, sensual.
• Illusion:- Holds attention longer, increases, emphasises, reinforces rounded soft body, curves,
counter Straight lines and angular body areas.
 Darts

Side seam
Tucks Tucks

Pleats
• Placements:- fabric pattern, necklines, collars, yokelines, seamlines, Bows, sleeves, ruffles, skirts,
gathers, trims- buttons, zippers.

3. Vertical lines:-
• Message:- formal, strong, dignified stiff.
• Illusion:- increases, emphasis reinforces length, height, narrowness, thickness, slimming,
counters horizontal lines.
• Placements:- Deep-V necklines, pointed collars, narrow panels, vertical stripes, tucks, pleats,
crease, zippers, row of buttons, ties, high heels, long sleeves.

4. Horizontal lines:-
• Message:- Restful, stable, calm, relaxed.
• Illusion:- Increases, emphasizes, reinforces, width, shortness, counter vertical lines, when placed
height appears taller, when placed low appears shorter.
 Cuff

Yoke
• Placements:- Necklines, flat collar, yokelines, horizontal stripes belts, Cuffs, waistline, strap
shoes, platform shoes.

5. Diagonal lines:-
• Message:- Active movement, instability, excitement, interesting, dramatic, restless, sophisticated,
in motion avitalitey.
• Illusion:- Increases, emphasize, reinforces the direction of dominant angle, counters vertical and
horizontal lines.
• Placements:- V-shaped necklines, open collar, raglan sleeve, seamlines, Diagonal stripes, zigzag
pattern, A-line skirt, flared skirt or pants, shoe laces, Criss cross straps.