EARTH PROCESSES

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

EXOGENIC
and
ENDOGENIC
Earth processes
ENDOGENIC PROCESSES

What are endogenic processes?

 ENDOGENIC PROCESSES
Endogenic processes are geologic processes that involves
changes happening under the Earth's surface.

These result in reshaping the Earth's landforms which

includes Magmatism, Volcanism, Plutonism, and
Metamorphism.
 ENDOGENIC PROCESSES
The different endogenic processes gets its energy from the
internal heat of the Earth. The source of the internal heat of
the Earth is from the radioactive decay.

When radioactive elements decay, they give off heat. The

heat is then transferred upward that warms the mantle
through convection current.
 MANTLE CONVECTION
Mantle convection is the movement of the mantle as heat
is transferred from the core to the crust. The temperature
of the mantle varies depending whether it is near the
crust or near the boundary of the core.
MAGMATISM
 MAGMATISM

Magmatism is the activity or the motion of the magma.

Rocks that are subjected to high temperature and
pressure melt and become the magma. It is also described
as the process of forming magma. It can be generated
through subduction.
 Magmatism
-MAGMA FORMS WHEN ROCKS REACH TEMPS HIGH ENOUGH TO
MELT THEM.

-MOST ROCK BEGIN TO MELT AT A TEMP BETWEEN 800 AND 1200

DEGREES CELCIUS.
 MAGMATISM

Magma formation
through subduction
PLUTONISM
 PLUTONISM

Plutonism is the formation of intrusive igneous rock by

solidification of magma beneath the earth's surface.
These rocks will reach the Earth’s surface through the
process of uplifting - a force that pulls the crust apart and
lets the rocks from the underground to be brought up.
 Plutonism

-IT IS THE ERUPTION OF MAGMA TO THE SURFACE OF A PLANET.

-A PLUTON A BODY OF INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK (CALLED PLUTONIC ROCK) THAT IS CRYSTALLIZED FROM MAGMA SLOWLY COOLING BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE -EARTH.

-PLUTONS INCLUDE BATHOLITH, DIKES, SILLS, LACCOLITHS AND OTHER IGNEOUS BODIES.
VOLCANISM
 VOLCANISM
Magma is being brought up to the surface through a
volcano. Volcano is any opening in the Earth’s crust that
allows magma and gases to be released in the upper
crust. This process of bringing up the magma is called
volcanism.
 Volcanism

-IT IS THE ERUPTION OF MAGMA TO THE SURFACE OF A PLANET.

-MAGMA MOVES AS WELL

ITS MOVEMENT CAUSES CHANGES (DEFORMATION) OF EARTH’S CRUST.

-THE MOVEMENT OF MAGMA IS CALLED VOLCANISM.

METAMORPHISM
 METAMORPHISM
Metamorphism is the process of change in the form and
structure of rocks due to intense heat and pressure. It
comes from the Greek word "metamorphoun" meaning
transform or change shape. The rocks that undergo
metamorphism are converted to metamorphic rocks.
METAMORPHISM
3 Main Agents;

Temperature,
Pressure and Fluid.
 METAMORPHISM
Contact Metamorphism
Contact metamorphism is a type of metamorphism where
rock minerals and texture are changed, mainly by heat, due to
contact with magma.
 METAMORPHISM
Regional Metamorphism

Regional metamorphism is a type of metamorphism where

rock minerals and texture are changed by heat and pressure
over a wide area or region.