Unit 2.

Material property charts:

Mapping materials

Mike Ashby
Department of Engineering,
University of Cambridge

© 2021 ANSYS, Inc. and Mike Ashby

For use and reproduction guidance, see the last page.

Originally prepared by Dr. Mike Ashby, co-founder of Granta Design, this teaching resource is updated yearly by the Ansys Granta Education Division.
 Learning objectives for this lecture unit

Intended Learning Outcomes

Knowledge and
Understanding of material families and their property relationships
Understanding

Skills and Abilities Ability to create material property charts for specific purposes

Values and Attitudes Grasping a broad view of materials information, the big picture

Resources
 Text: “Materials: engineering, science, processing and design” 4th edition by M.F. Ashby, H.R. Shercliff and D. Cebon, Butterworth
Heinemann, Oxford, 2019, Chapters 1-2
 Text: “Materials Selection in Mechanical Design”, 5th edition by M.F. Ashby, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 2016, Chapters 1-2
 Texts: Callister, Budinski, Askeland and others – recommended reading in records
 Software: Ansys Granta EduPack (www.ansys.com/products/materials/granta-edupack/)

2 © 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

 Outline of lecture unit 2

 Exploring relationships: property charts

 Making charts
 Custom subsets, adding your own
materials
 Report writing

3 © 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

 Bar charts
Data sheets = numbers, words
We want meaning Property charts

Bar chart 103

Steel WC
Copper
102
Young’s modulus, GPa CFRP

10 Aluminum Alumina
Zinc
Lead Glass GFRP
1Many
PEEK
decades Fibreboard
10 -1 PP

PTFE
10-2

Metals Polymers Ceramics Hybrids

10-3
Log scale

4 © 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

 Bar-chart created with Granta EduPack
Materials
with high
modulus
Metals

Polymers

Elastomers
Materials
with low
modulus

Metals Polymers Ceramics Hybrids

5 © 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

 Which courses? Campus-wide?

Materials science General engineering Polymer engineering

Aerospace engineering Architecture Bioengineering

Product design Environmental engineering Sustainability assessment

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 Bubble charts
Bubble
chart

Families occupy
discrete fields

Log scales

7 © 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

 Bubbles chart created with Granta EduPack

Display Box:
Materials with
high Modulus and
Density

Display line:
Materials
with constant
specific stiffness
[E/]

8 © 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

 Creating charts for screening

Plotting and selection tools

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 Creating charts for screening

Modulus / Density
Bar chart

Choose:

X-Axis Y-Axis

List of properties

Advanced
+ - / * ^ ( )

Modulus / Density
• Density
Bubble chart
• Yield strength
• Young’s modulus
List of properties
• etc. • Density
• Yield strength
• Young’s modulus
• etc
Yield strength / Density

10 © 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

 The chart-management tool bar
Autoscale
Zoom out Add text Chart annotation
tools
Zoom in Add arrow

Cancel selection
Add curves

Box selection Add family envelopes

tool
Results from all enabled stages
Line selection
Hide failed materials
tool

11 © 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

The line, box, and curve tools

Add boxes and lines Add text to chart Display curves and arrows

For annotation, select display only: Right-click on line, box or curve to format:
Impact strength

10 February 2017

© 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

How to use annotation tools in charts

© 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

Custom subsets

Custom subset

Selection table: MaterialUniverse

Initial subset: All materials

Selection attributes:
All properties

MaterialUniverse
Ceramics and glasses
Electrical components (Eco Audit

Hybrids: composites etc

Metals and alloys

Polymers and elastomers

© 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

Changing the chart settings (labels etc)

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Making your own records

Name: My material

Notes:

Or, right click on a chart to General properties

add limited data to it… Mechanical properties Min. Max.

Young’s modulus 230 280 GPa

Yield strength 1000 1200 MPa
Hardness Vickers
Fracture toughness MPa.m 1/2

Thermal properties Min. Max.

Max service temp 30 33 C

T-conductivity W/m.K
etc

© 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

Saving projects, report writing

Paste
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
Description
Image

Open project
Copy - Paste
Save project
Cut
Print …….
_
Caption
1. ABS pellets. © Shutterstock 2. ABS allows detailed moldings, accepts color well, and is non-toxic

Clip-
Clip-
and tough enough to survive the worst that children can do to it. © Gettyimages
The material
ABS (Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) is tough, resilient, and easily molded. It is usually opaque,

Copy board
although some grades can now be transparent, and it can be given vivid colors. ABS-PVC alloys are
tougher than standard ABS and, in self-extinguishing grades, are used for the casings of power tools.
Compositional summary

board To
Block terpolymer of acrylonitrile (15-35%), butadiene (5-30%), and styrene (40-60%).
General properties
Density 1.01e3 - 1.21e3 kg/m^3

Paste…. WORD
Price
Date first used
Mechanical properties
Young's modulus
* 2.5
1937

1.1
-

-
3

2.9
USD/kg

GPa
Shear modulus 0.319 - 1.03 GPa
Bulk modulus 3.8 - 4 GPa
Poisson's ratio 0.391 - 0.422
Yield strength (elastic limit) 18.5 - 51 MPa
Tensile strength 27.6 - 55.2 MPa
Compressive strength 31 - 86.2 MPa
Elongation 1.5 - 100 % strain
Hardness - Vickers 5.6 - 15.3 HV
Typical uses
Safety helmets; camper tops; automotive instrument panels and other interior components; pipe
fittings; home-security devices and housings for small appliances; communications equipment;
business machines; plumbing hardware; automobile grilles; wheel covers; mirror housings;
refrigerator liners; luggage shells; tote trays; mower shrouds; boat hulls; large components for

For best results recreational vehicles; weather seals; glass beading; refrigerator breaker strips; conduit; pipe for drain-
waste-vent (DWV) systems.
Tradenames
Claradex, Comalloy, Cycogel, Cycolac, Hanalac, Lastilac, Lupos, Lustran ABS, Magnum, Multibase, Metals Polymers Ceramics Hybrids
Paste Special - Novodur, Polyfabs, Polylac, Porene, Ronfalin, Sinkral, Terluran, Toyolac, Tufrex, Ultrastyr
Links
Reference

Device Independent Bitmap. ProcessUniverse

Producers

© 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

Summary

• Material property charts gives meaning to data

• The texts contain many charts – you can copy them for teaching

• Project files for many charts can be downloaded from the Granta website

• Granta EduPack lets you make any chart you want

• You can visualize any database, and add your own records

• Comprehensive report-writing facilities

• Data Visualization Selection

(using the data)
(understanding the data)

© 2021 ANSYS, Inc.

 Lecture unit series

These PowerPoint lecture units, as well as many other types of resources, can be found in the EduHub.

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The Teaching Resources website aims to support teaching of
materials-related courses in design, engineering and science.
Resources come in various formats and are aimed primarily at
undergraduate education. Visit grantadesign.com/education/
© 2021 ANSYS, Inc. and Mike Ashby teachingresources/ to learn more.

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