E-TABS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
LUDHIANA
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 CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION • SHEAR WALL

• BASE ISOLATION • FUNCTION OF SHEAR WALL
• CONCEPT OF BASE ISOLATION • OBJECTIVES
• PRINCIPLE OF BASE ISOLATION • CONCLUSION
• ISOLATION COMPONENTS

• APPLICATIONS
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 INTRODUCTION
• Earthquake by itself, is not a disaster, it is natural phenomenon result from ground
movement, sometimes violent.

• These produce surface waves, which cause vibration of the ground and structures
standing on top.

• Depending on the characteristics of these vibrations, the ground may develop cracks,
fissures and settlements.
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 In this project three cases are carried out:
 
1. Simple building analysis using E Tabs with earthquake load.
2. Building analysis using E Tabs with Rubber Base isolators.
3. Building analysis using E Tabs with Shear Walls (at four corners)
 
The maximum of the earthquake loads are resisted by Case – 3 (i.e. Shear Wall
Case) as compared to the other two cases. Above of the three cases the best
concluded is the third case.
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 BASE ISOLATION

• Base isolation is one of the most widely accepted seismic protection systems in earthquake
prone areas.

• It mitigates the effect of an earthquake by essentially isolating the structure from potentially
dangerous ground motions.

• Seismic isolation is a design strategy, which uncouples the structure for the damaging effects
of the ground motion.
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• The term isolation refers to reduced interaction between structure and the ground.
• When the seismic isolation system is located under the structure, it is referred as “base
isolation”.

• The other purpose of an isolation system is to provide an additional means of energy

dissipation, thereby reducing the transmitted acceleration into the superstructure.

• The decoupling allows the building to behave more flexibly which improves its response
to an earthquake.
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 CONCEPT OF BASE ISOLATION
• The concept of base isolation is explained through an example building resting on
frictionless rollers.

• When the ground shakes, the rollers freely roll, but the building above does not
move.

• Thus, no force is transferred to the building due to shaking of the ground; simply, the
building does not experience the earthquake.
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• Now, if the same building is rested on flexible pads that offer resistance against
lateral movements, then some effect of the ground shaking will be transferred to the
building above.

• The flexible pads are called base-isolators, whereas the structures protected by
means of these devices are called base-isolated buildings.

• The main feature of the base isolation technology is that it introduces flexibility in
the structure.

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• A careful study is required to identify the most suitable type of device for a particular
building.

• Also, base isolation is not suitable for all buildings.

• Most suitable structures for base-isolation are
• Low to medium-rise buildings rested on hard soil underneath

• High-rise buildings or buildings rested on soft soil are not suitable for base isolation.
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 PRINCIPLE OF BASE ISOLATION

• The fundamental principle of base isolation is to modify the response of the building
so that the ground can move below the building without transmitting these motions
into the building.

• When the ground moves, the acceleration induced in the structure will be equal to the
ground acceleration and there will be zero relative displacement between the
structure and the ground.
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 ISOLATION COMPONENTS
• Elastomeric Isolators
• Natural Rubber Bearings
• Low-Damping Rubber Bearings
• Lead-Rubber Bearings
• High-Damping Rubber Bearings

• Sliding Isolators
• Resilient Friction System
• Friction Pendulum System
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• Elastomeric Isolators
• These are formed of horizontal layers of natural or synthetic rubber in thin layers
bonded between steel plates.

• The steel plates prevent the rubber layers from bulging and so the bearing is able to
support higher vertical loads with only small deformations.

• Plain elastomeric bearings provide flexibility but no significant damping and will
move under service loads.
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• Methods used to overcome these deficits include lead cores in the
bearing, specially formulated elastomers with high damping and
stiffness for small strains or other devices in parallel.

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• RUBBER BEARINGS: It is mostly used for seismic isolation of buildings. The rubber
bearings are made up of steel and rubber plates in alternate layers. The relatively low shear a
stiffener in horizontal directions is provided by the rubber and the high stiffeners in vertical
direction is provided by steel shims.

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LOW DAMPING RUBBER BEARINGS: Elastomeric bearings use either natural rubber or
synthetic rubber (such as neoprene), which have little inherent damping, usually 2% to 3% of
critical viscous damping.

HIGH DAMPING RUBBER BEARINGS: The HDRB isolators contain layers of rubber
and reinforcing steel plates. These components let the HDRB isolate the
bridge/building/structure due to the horizontal stiffness and they can dissipate energy up to
16% damping due to high damping rubber compound.

LEAD RUBBER BEARING: Lead Core Rubber Bearings (LRB) consists of a laminated
rubber and steel bearing with steel flange plates for mounting to the structure. Ninety percent of
our isolators have an energy dissipating lead core. The rubber in the isolator acts as a spring. It
is very soft laterally but very stiff vertically

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 APPLICATIONS
• Base isolation provides an alternative to the conventional, fixed base design of
structures.

• Base Isolation minimizes the need for strengthening measures of adding shear walls,
frames, and bracing by reducing the earthquake forces imparted to the building.

• Base isolation had the effect of reducing the earthquake force demands on the
superstructure to 30% of the demands for a fixed-base structure.
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 SHEAR WALL
In structural engineering, a Shear wall is a structural system composed of
braced panels (also known as shear panels) to counter the effects of lateral
load acting on a structure. Wind and seismic loads are the most common
loads that shear walls are designed to carry. For slender walls where the
bending deformation is more, Shear wall resists the loads due to Cantilever
Action. In other words, Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal
force resisting system.
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 Functions of Shear Wall
 
* It significantly reduces lateral displacement/story drift.
* Reduces the time period of vibration of the building.
* Reduces moments and induced torsion during earthquakes.
* Increases stiffness of the building.

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 Objectives
 
* To study the behaviour of multi storeyed RC framed building
with fixed base and with isolated base.
* To study the behaviour of multi storeyed RC framed building
with shear walls proposed at four outer corners.
* To study the effectiveness of base isolation technique and shear
walls.

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 CONCLUSION
• In the present study, response spectrum analysis of the fixed-base building, base-isolated
building and building with shear walls is done to study the effect of earthquake load on the
response of fixed-base building. A G+7 storey building is first analyzed by response spectrum
analysis and then the same building is analyzed by using base-isolators and shear walls in E-
Tabs v15.0 software. The comparison of maximum displacements, drifts along the height of
building is done. The comparison of bending moments in columns and beams with storey level
is also done
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Submitted To: Presented By:-
Prof. Bhupinder Singh Saket Raj (1805145)
Sandeep Singh (1805146)
Saransh Kapoor (1805147)
Satwarkh singh (1805148)

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