CONTROL OF DIARRHEAL

DISEASES

MARIFE A. REYES
MW 2-1
MDWY 21
CONTROL OF DIARRHEAL DISEASES

Diarrheal disease is a major cause of mortality in

the Philippines.
Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of
death in children under five years old.
Defined as the passage of three or more loose or
liquid stools per day.
The National Control of Diarrheal Disease
Programme (NCDDP), launched by the Philippines
Department of Health in October 1980, was set up
to reduce severe morbidity and mortality due to
dehydration associated with acute diarrhea.
CONTROL OF DIARRHEAL DISEASES include:

CHOLERA
TYPHOID FEVER
BACILLARY DYSENTERY
SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS
PARAGONIMIASIS
HEPATITIS A
PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING
 CHOLERA

Is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea

which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated.
It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated
with a bacterium called VIBRIO CHOLERAE.
Cholera signs and symptoms are rapid heart rate, lose of
skin elasticity, dry mucous membranes (including the
inside of the mouth, throat, nose, and eyelids), low blood
pressure, thirst, muscle cramps.
Cholera is treated with drinking water, preparing food or
drinks, brushing your teeth, washing your face and hands, washing
dishes that you use to eat or prepare food and washing fruits and
vegetables.
Lasts several hours or days called acute watery diarrhea or cholera.
 TYPHOID FEVER

Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever

caused by Salmonella bacteria, a related bacterium that
usually causes a less severe illness.
Typhoid fever is contracted by the ingestion of
contaminated food or water.
Diagnosis of typhoid fever is made when Salmonella
bacteria are detected with stool, urine, or blood cultures.
Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics.
Typhoid fever symptoms are poor appetite, headaches,
generalized aches and pains, fever and lethargy.
Approximately 3%- 5% of patients become carriers of the
bacteria after the acute illness.
 BACILLARY DYSENTERY

Bacillary dysentery is a type of disease that causes

bloody diarrhea.
Bacillary dysentery comes from bacteria called Shigella.
It is the most common type of dysentery.
Bacillary dysentery symptoms are usually show up to 1-3
days after you get infected. It causes symptoms like
diarrhea with belly cramps, fever, nausea and vomiting,
and also blood or mucus in the diarrhea.
Most people with bacillary dysentery don’t need
treatment. The infection usually passes on its own
within a week. You can drink plenty of water or
“rehydration” drinks, like sports drinks, to bring back
the fluid you lost through diarrhea.
 How to Prevent Dysentery

Drink and brush your teeth with bottled or canned water only, not
tap water.
Order your drinks without ice.
Only eat raw fruits and vegetables that have a peel.
Cook any produce that you can’t peel.
Don’t eat food from street vendors.
When someone close to you has dysentery:
Wash your hands often with soap and warm water or use hand
sanitizer.
Don’t share towels, cups, or other personal items with the person
who has dysentery.
Wash your hands before you cook or eat.
 SOIL- TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS

Soil- transmitted helminthes infections are caused by different

species or parasitic worms.
They are transmitted by eggs present in human faces which in
turn contaminate soil in areas where sanitation is poor.
WHO strategy for control. In 2001, delegates at the World Health
Assembly unanimously endorsed a resolution (WHA54.19). This
is to control morbidity through the periodic treatment of at-risk
people living in endemic areas. People at risk are preschool
children, school-age children, women of reproductive age.
The WHO recommended medicines- albendazole (400mg) and
mebendazole (500mg) are effective, inexpensive and easy to
administer by non-medical personnel
 PARAGONIMIASIS

Paragonimiasis is an infection with parasitic worms. It caused

by eating undercooked crab or crayfish.
Paragonimiasis can cause illness resembling pnuemonia or
stomach flu. The infection can last for years.
Paragonimiases causes no symptoms during intial infection.
In the first month or so after someone infected,
paragonimiasis worms spread through the abdomen,
sometimes causing symptoms that can include: fever, ill-
feeling (malaise), diarrhea, belly pain, itching and hives.
Paragonimiasis treated with oral anti-parasite medications.
Other treatments may be necessary, such as anti-seizure
medications or surgery to reduce brain swelling.
 HEPATITIS A

Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused

by the hepatitis A virus. You usually get it when you eat or
drink something that’s been exposed to poop from
someone who has the virus.
Hepatitis A symptoms are having jaundice, pain in your
belly, loss of appetite, nausea, fever, diarrhea, and fatigue.
You could be at risk for the disease if you live with or have
sex with someone who’s infected, travel to countries
where hepatitis A is common, people who inject illegal
drugs, and also those kids in child care and their teachers.
 IS THERE A HEPATITIS A VACCINE?

Yes, its about 95% effective among healthy adults and can work
for more than 20 years. It’s around 85% effective among
children and can last them 15 to 20 years.
Vaccination is recommended for:
Travelers to areas of the world with higher hepatitis A infection.
Infants aged 6 to 11 months who are traveling internationally.
Men who have sex with other men
Those with a blood clotting problem.
People who inject illegal drugs.
Anyone with long-term liver disease.
The vaccine is given in 3 separate doses.
PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) is a naturally

occuring marine biotoxin that is produced by some
species of microscopic algae. This biotoxin affects the
nervous system and paralyzes muscles. It can cause
severe illness and death.
People become ill from eating shellfish contaminated
with Paralytic Shellfish Poison.
Paralytic shellfish poisoning symptoms are early
symptoms including tangling of the lips and tongue,
feel nauseous or experience a sense of floating.
Treatment: use of life support systems such as a
mechanical respirator and oxygen until the toxin passes
from the victim’s system.
E. N. D