Electrical Troubleshooting

电气故障处理
Electric Troubleshooting
电气故障处理护 Electric Troublesh
ooting
一、主要的故障类型
I Main Fault Types
二、事故处理的基本原则
II Basic Principle of Troubleshooting
三、电气故障及处理案例
III Electric Faults & Troubleshooting Cases
ooting
一、主要的故障类型
I Main Fault Types
发电机故障（发电机本体故障、励磁及保护系统故障）
Generator Fault (generator body fault, excitation & protection system fault).
电动机故障
Electric motor fault.
变压器故障
Transformer fault.
开关故障
Switch fault.
110KV 系统故障
110kV grid system fault.
厂用电系统故障
House supply system fault.
ooting
二、事故处理的基本原则
II Basic Principle of Troubleshooting
限制事故的发展，消除事故的根源解除对人身及设备的威胁；
Restrict the fault’s development, eliminate the fault’s source and releas
e the danger toward humans and equipment.
保持或尽快恢复厂用电；
Retain or restore house supply as soon as possible.
保持或尽快恢复机组及系统的正常运行；
Retain or restore the unit and system to normal operation.
保持或尽快恢复对用户的供电。
Retain or restore the power supply to users.
ooting
事故处理的一般程序
Normal Process of Troubleshooting
(1) 根据计算机监控报警和简报信息登录、测量仪表指示、继电保护动作
情况及现场检查情况，判断事故性质和故障范围并确定正确的处理程序。
1. According to the alarms of the monitoring computer and the login into th
e brief report system, the indications of the measurement instrument, the
actuating situation of relay protection, the inspection in field, to estimate th
e fault’s reason and range, as well as to determine correct troubleshooting
process.
(2) 当事故或故障对人身和设备造成严重威胁时，应迅速切断该设备的相
关电源；当发生火灾事故时，应通知消防人员，并进行必要的现场配合。
2. When the accident or fault causes fatal danger to humans or equipment
, disconnect the related power supply of the equipment immediately; when
fire crash occurs, inform the fire fighters and necessarily coordinate them i
n field.
ooting
(3) 迅速切除故障点，继电保护未正确动作时应手动执行。为了加速事
故或故障处理进程，防止事故扩大，凡对系统运行无重大影响的故障设
备隔离操作，可根据现场事故处理规程自行处理。
3. Rapidly isolate the fault point. If the relay protection does not actuate
correctly, manually execute it. In order to accelerate the troubleshootin
g of accident or fault and prevent their expansion, all the isolation oper
ation of the fault equipment, which has no significant influence on the n
ormal operation of the system, can be executed voluntarily, according t
o the troubleshooting rules in field.
(4) 进行针对性处理，逐步恢复设备运行，发电厂应优先恢复厂用电
系统的供电。
4. Through the targeted troubleshooting to gradually restore the operati
on of equipment. Power plant should restore the house power supply in
priority.
ooting
(5) 设备发生事故时，立即清楚、准确地向值班调度员、主管生产领导
和相关部门汇报。
5. When the accident occurs, immediately and accurately report to the
yardman, the production leader and related departments.
(6) 做好故障设备的安全隔离措施，通知检修人员处理。
6. Safely isolate the fault equipment and inform the maintenance crew t
o repair.
(7) 进行善后处理工作，包括事故现象及处理过程的详细记录，断路
器故障跳闸及继电保护动作情况的记录等。
7. Finish other miscellaneous work, including the detailed record of acc
ident phenomenon and troubleshooting, the record of the fault trip of br
eakers and the actions of relay protection.
ooting
案例 1 ：发电器机定子 3U0 接地跳机故障

Case 1, the trip fault caused by the 3U0 grounding of the ge
nerator stator.
ooting
事件经过
Course of Event
1 、 10 月 18 日，某汽机启动过程中， 08 ： 05 汽机满足冲转条件，开始冲转；
1. In the steam turbine startup process on Oct. 18th. 08:05, the steam turbine
satisfied the conditions and started to speed up.
2 、 08 ： 13 ，汽机空载，执行中控启励。当机端电压上升至 9.4KV 时，机组主汽门

、调门关闭，机组跳闸，灭磁开关联跳。查 DCS 有“汽机保护全停”、“灭磁开关联
跳”、“发电机定子 3U0 接地”报警，就地检查保护柜上有相同报警，可复归。
08:13, the steam turbine reached the full speed no load status and started ex
citation. When the generator voltage reached 9.4kV, the main steam valve an
d the regulating valve closed, the steam turbine tripped, and the de-excitation
switch actuated by interlock. There were three alarms on DCS: “Steam turbin
e protectively tripped.”, “De-excitation switch tripped by interlock.” and “Gener
ator stator 3U0 grounding”. There were the same alarms in the protection cab
inet in field and can be reset.
ooting
重新合上励磁开关，汽机挂闸升速到 3000RPM ，运行人员通知检修人员到
场检查，同时进行就地检查，未发现设备异常；
Close the excitation switch again and the steam turbine speeded up to
3000rpm. The operators informed the maintenance crew to check and t
hey checked in field without any abnormal situation.
3 、 08 ： 35 应检修要求再次启励，当机端电压上升至 9.4KV 时，仍发“汽

机保护全停”、“灭磁开关联跳”、“发电机定子 3U0 接地”报警，现象与前
次相同。检修人员测得 3U0 动作值达 100V ；
3. 08:35, it was requested by the maintenance crew to start excitation.
When the generator voltage reached 9.4kV, there were still alarms: “St
eam turbine protectively tripped.”, “De-excitation switch tripped by interl
ock.” and “Generator stator 3U0 grounding”, the same phenomenon as
before. The maintenance crew checked the 3U0 action value was 100
V.
ooting
4 、停机检查结果如下：
检查汽机发电机出线设备及主变低压侧电缆、外观均未发现异常；
试验数据： PT 一次绕组直阻三相均为 2.8KΩ ，二次绕组 1 均为 0.38Ω ，二
次绕组 2 均为 0.42Ω ，定子线圈出线绝缘 50MΩ ，变压器低压侧带电缆绝
缘 150MΩ.
4. Checked the unit after stop.
No abnormal phenomenon in the generator output devices of the stea
m turbine, the cables and the appearances in low voltage side was
found. Tested data: the three phase direct resistances of the PT primar
y winding were 2.8kΩ; the secondary winding 1 was 0.38Ω; the second
ary winding 2 was 0.42Ω; the insulation of the stator winding output ca
ble was 50MΩ; the insulation of the low voltage side and cable of the tr
ansformer was 150MΩ.
ooting
主变低压侧带电缆测量直阻 A-B=4.512 ， AC=4.541,BC=4.516, 发电机直阻
： A=1.876,B=1.848,C=1.862, 三相 PT 绝缘 10000MΩ ；检查未发现异常；
The direct resistances of the low voltage side and cable of the transformer
were: AB=4.512, AC=4.541, BC=4.516; the direct resistances of the gener
ator were: A=1.876, B=1.848, C=1.862; the three phases insulation of the
PT was 10000MΩ; no other abnormity was found.
5 、 14 ： 50 燃机机启机，进行汽机起励试验： 15 ： 35 汽机机定速，拉开汽机发
电机出口刀闸，不带主变手动启励，发电机电压升至 3.5KV 正常； 15 ： 40 不带
主变自动启励，发电机电压升至 12.5KV ，励磁电流 4A ；
5. 14:50, the gas turbine started to test the excitation of steam turbine. 15:
35, the steam turbine reached full speed. Opened the generator output iso
lator and started excitation without the transformer. It’s normal when the g
enerator voltage reached 3.5kV. 15:40, the steam turbine automatically st
arted excitation without the transformer and the generator voltage reache
d 12.5kV while the excitation current was 4A.
ooting
15 ： 58 汽机发电机带主变启励， 3U0 动作跳机。起励初期各 PT 二次电
压正常，跳机时两个 PT A 、 C 相对地电压为线电压， B 相对地电压为 0 ，
当跳机后测量两个 PT A 、 C 相有残压，而 B 相无残压。由此判断主变至
511G 刀闸间 B 相电缆有故障，即进行相关检查；
15:58, the steam turbine started excitation with the transformer and the
3U0 actuated to trip the unit. The secondary voltages of each PT was n
ormal in the initial stage of excitation. When the unit is tripping, the volt
ages to ground of the PT phase A and C were the line voltage and the
voltage to ground of the PT phase B was zero. After the trip, there wer
e residual voltage in the PT phase A and C, but no residual in PT phas
e B. Thus, the conclusion was that there was problem between the tran
sformer and the phase B cable of the 511G isolator. Started related ch
eck immediately.
ooting
6 、拆开汽机主变低压侧 B 相电缆（共 6 根）连接，对 B 相电缆打压使其永
久性击穿（ 2 倍耐压试验），然后对每根摇绝缘，试验结果，其中有一根电缆绝
缘击穿，将该电缆拆除后把其它合格电缆接回 511G 。再次对 A 、 C 相
电缆带低压侧绕组及 B 相电缆进行 2 倍耐压试验均合格。
6. Disassembled the low voltage side phase B cables (6 pieces) of the

transformer. Made the breaking-down test to the phase B cables to per
manently burn through (double-voltage pressure test) and then measur
ed the insulation of each cable. In a result, there was insulation breakd
own in one cable. Dismantled the cable and assembled other qualified
cables back to the 511G. Made again the double-voltage pressure test
to the low voltage side winding of the phase A and C cables and the ph
ase B cable, and all were qualified.
ooting
耐压试验后测量绝缘（此次用 5KV 摇表测量），主变低压侧 B 相电缆 50000

兆欧，其它两相带主变低压侧绕组 20000 兆欧。 20 ： 45 工作结束；
Measured the insulation after the pressure test (by 5kV megohm mete
r) and the result were: the insulation of the low voltage side phase B of
the transformer was 50000MΩ, the insulations of the phase A and C w
ere 20000MΩ. 20:45, all work finished.
ooting
7 、 21 ： 40 发启动令试机。 22 ： 30 汽机定速，自动启励后，发电机电压 1
0.6KV ，励磁电压 16.2V ，励磁电流 5.31A ， 3U0 1V ，定子电流 A 、 B 、 C
相各约 3A （当时显示 9.17/12.1/7.67A ，停机时 6.16/9.17/4.68A ）。 22 ： 3
5 ＃ 11 机并网带负荷正常。
7. 21:40, started the unit to test. 22:30, the steam turbine reached full s
peed and automatically started excitation. The generator voltage was 1
0.6kV, the excitation voltage was 16.2V, the excitation current was 5.3
1A, 3U0 was 1V, the currents of the phase A/B/C of the stator were ap
prox. 3A (9.17A/12.1A/7.67A at that time and 6.16A/9.17A/4.68A after
shutdown).
8 、 19 日，更换故障电缆。
8. on Oct. 19th, replaced the fault cable.
ooting
故障分析
Failure Analysis
对故障电缆进行检查，发现该电缆在经过一控旁的电缆沟拐角处，其托槽铁
板水平对接部分向上翻边，没有铆平，也没有采取垫胶皮等措施，而电缆直
接摆放在其突出锋利部位上面，因电缆自重长时间压迫相磨，最终导致绝缘
层的破损。
Checked the fault cable for analysis. The cable passed through a L-typ
e corner of the cable duct beside the first control center. There was he
mming in the horizontal connector of the metal duct. It’s not riveted sm
oothly or underlaid by rubber and the cable was directly laid on the sha
rp-edged part of the duct. By the dead weight of the cable, it was long-t
ime pressured and abraded, which led to the damage of the insulating j
acket.
ooting
但电缆破损后没有形成金属性死接地，所以故障时表现为，当机端电压高于
一定值时绝缘才被击穿，且降压后其绝缘可以自行恢复，故在本次事故的检
查处理过程中停机状态下测量绝缘及直阻，均正常。
The damage of the cable did not cause metallic dead grounding, so the
fault phenomenon was that, when the generator voltage was higher tha
n proper value the insulation was brokendown and when the generator
voltage declined the insulation came back automatically. That’s why th
e insulation and resistance were both normal during the check process
of the troubleshooting.
ooting
故障反措
Improvement to Failure
1 、吸取该电缆损坏事件的教训，举一反三，立即对全厂电缆沟内电缆摆放
情况进行检查，重点为电缆沟拐角处；
1. Learn a lesson from this failure. Half a tale is enough for a wise man.
Checked all the cables in cable ducts of the whole power plant, while th
e corner was the key place.
2 、加强外包施工项目的工艺质量监督与验收。
2. Strengthened the quality inspection and the acceptance of the outso
urcing project.
ooting
案例 2 ：发电机转子绝缘下降
Case 2, the insulation of generator rotor declines.
ooting
事件经过
Course of Event
2002 年燃机发电机安装投运不久，由于转子绝缘下降的原因对励磁机风
道进行了改造，同时对整流盘解体进行加强绝缘处理，之后，转子绝缘一直
保持在 500MΩ 。
In 2002, a short time after the installation of the gas turbine, because t
he rotor insulation declined, the air duct of the exciter was reformed, as
well as the rectifier panel was disassembled and strengthened the insul
ation. After that the rotor insulation maintained 500MΩ.
2006 年开始，转子绝缘逐渐下降，最低时不足 1MΩ 。（规程要求转子绝缘

大于 0.5MΩ ）
From 2006 the rotor insulation declined gradually and the lowest value
was less than 1MΩ. (The rotor insulation should be higher than 0.5MΩ
according to the rules.)
ooting
故障分析
Failure Analysis
对励磁机转子回路进行解体检查发现，转子回路 40 MΩ ，整流盘 0.5MΩ ，

励磁机 40 MΩ 。
Disassembled the rotor circuit of the exciter and checked that the insul
ations of the rotor circuit, the rectifier panel and the exciter are 40MΩ,
0.5MΩ and 40MΩ.
将整流盘解体检查，发现其中两个部分绝缘只有 0.3MΩ 。
Disassembled the rectifier panel and found there was only 0.3MΩ insul
ation in two parts inside of it.
ooting
处理经过
Processing Procedure
对整流盘各个部分进行了彻底清洗和吹扫，回装后测整流盘整体绝缘为 1
15MΩ 。
Thoroughly cleaned and purged each part of the rectifier panel. After r
e-assembly, the tested insulation of the rectifier panel was 115MΩ.
对发电机的各处密封情况进行检查处理，防止灰尘进入。
Checked all the sealing condition of each part in the generator to preve
nt dust.
ooting
故障反措
这种转子绝缘下降情况已在多台机组上出现，要引起足够的重视。
Pay adequate attention to the decline of the rotor insulation occurred in
many units.
定期对发电机转子绝缘进行检查，发现问题及时处理。
Routinely check the insulation of the generator rotor. If there is problem
s, solve them in time.
对发电机的密封损坏及时处理，小修期间对转子部分进行清扫。
Deal with the sealing damage of the generator in time and purge the ro
tor part during minor overhaul.
ooting
案例 3 ：燃机发电机定子接地故障
－发电机定子线槽中的波形弹性半导体垫片 SRS 变形引起
Case 3, the grounding fault of gas turbine stator
- caused by the deformation of the waveform elastic semicon
ductor pads (SRS) in the line duct of the generator rotor.
ooting
事件经过
Course of Event
17 ： 31 ： 29 （ MKV 时间），机组基本负荷运行期间，发电机保护屏（ P343 ）发保

护动作跳闸信号： 52LTRIP ， 41E TRIP ， 86N ，和 50BF ，机组解列停机，检查
发电机保护屏有 51GN （发电机定子接地故障）告警。
At 17:31:39 in Mark V, during the unit was in base load, the generator scr
een (P343) showed trip signals of protection actuation: 52LTRIP, 41E TRI
P, 86N and 50BF, then the unit stepout and tripped. There was an alarm o
f 51GN(the grounding fault of gas turbine stator) in generator protection c
abinet.
停机后检查发电机 C 相绕组绝缘不合格，为 0 ，判断 C 相绕组单相接地！

After shutdown, the winding insulation of the generator phase C was not q
ualified and equaled 0, which caused the single phase grounding of phase
C.
ooting
在发电机定子绕组端部（透平侧）
第 15 号线棒处，发现一处明显的
电击穿痕迹，击穿位置在离定子铁
芯大致 8CM 位置，同时该位置的
波形弹性半导体垫片（ SRS ）伸出
有 12CM 长。
In the 15th line stick of the turbin
e side of the generator stator wi
nding, there was an obvious mar
k of electric breakdown. The bre
akdown position was approx. 8c
m far away from the iron core of
the stator, meanwhile the wavef
orm elastic semiconductor pads
(SRS) in this position reached o
ut 12cm long.
ooting
ooting
发电机定子线棒其它位置中也发现
波形弹性半导体垫片（ SRS ）被挤出
现象，经过仔细统计，在顶部线棒中所
有的波形弹性半导体垫片（ SRS ）都
已移出来，在底部线棒中，有 30% 波
形弹性半导体垫片（ SRS ）有移动出
来。
In the other positions of the line stic
k in generator stator, there were al
so the conditions that the wavefor
m elastic semiconductor pads (SR
S) were extruded out. After a detail
ed statistics, all the waveform elasti
c semiconductor pads (SRS) in the
top of the line stick moved out and
30% of all the waveform elastic se
miconductor pads (SRS) in the bott
om of the line stick moved out too.
ooting
故障分析
Failure Analysis
初步分析认为，因某种原因造成固定在发电机定子线棒旁的波形弹性半导
体垫片（ SRS ）在运行中被挤出，在运行中与相邻的定子线棒表面磨擦，造
成定子线棒表面绝缘受损后，高压作用下向波形弹性半导体垫片（ SRS ）放
电，造成绝缘击穿，使发电机保护动作而跳机。
It was analyzed that due to some reason the waveform elastic semicon
ductor pads (SRS) mounted beside the line stick of the generator stator
was extruded out during operation and abraded with the surface of the
adjacent stator line stick, which led to the insulation damaged stator lin
e stick discharged to the waveform elastic semiconductor pads (SRS)
under the high voltage and caused the insulation being brokedown and
the unit tripped by the generator protection actuation.
ooting
故障反措
这种故障在 GE 同批次的多台发电机定子中已经多次出现，已造成较大的
经济损失， GE 公司同意返厂处理。
This fault phenomenon was found many times in the same series gene
rator stators of GE, which caused huge economic loss. GE agreed to ta
ke it back to factory for maintenance.
对于暂时能维持运行的机组，必须定期安排检查，及时掌握 SRS 的型变情

况，危机机组安全时停机处理 .
Arranged routine inspection to the units that could temporarily maintain
normal operation. In control of the deformation situation of the SRS in ti
me and stop the unit when it was harmful for the unit.
ooting
案例 4 ：发电机启励失败
Case 4, the excitation failure of the generator
ooting
事件经过
Course of Event
燃机空载满速之后没有自动启励， MKV 没有异常报警；

It was not automatically start excitation after the gas turbine was in base l
oad no load status. No alarm in Mark V.
启励电源电压正常；
The voltage of the excitation power supply was normal.
停机处理。
Stop the unit for troubleshooting.
检查发现励磁开关合闸回路不通，中间继电器 K265 、 K266 （励磁开关跳闸
通道 1 、 2 ）励磁动作，将这两个继电器复归后，静态励磁开关正常。
It was checked out that the close circuit of the excitation switch was open
and the intermediate relay K265, K266 (trip channel 1, 2 of the excitation
switch) actuated. After reset the two relays, the static excitation switch wa
s normal.
ooting
故障分析
Failure Analysis
导致励磁开关不能合闸的直接原因是中间继电器 K265 、 K266 （励磁开关跳闸通道 1
、 2 ）励磁动作；
The direct reason that the excitation switch could not close was the excitation action
of the intermediate relay K265, K266 (trip channel 1, 2 of the excitation switch).
K265 、 K266 是发电机保护 F60 动作出口中间继电器，可能在前一次解列之后发电机

逆功率保护等动作之后引起；
K265, K266 were the action output intermediate relays of the generator protection F6
0. It might actuated after the action of the reverse power protection of the former step
out.
发电机保护动作的信号指示灯－ S04 坏了，值班人员看到指示灯没亮，以为保护未动作，就

没有去复归保护；
The signal indicator of the generator protection action S04 was broken. The operator
noticed the indicator was off and thought there was no protection action, so he did no
t to reset it.
ooting
ooting
ooting
故障反措
－ S04 同时也是复归按钮；
The indicator S04 was the reset button too.
因此，为防止类似事件再次发生，规定开机前无论保护动作与否，均要按下－
S04 复归保护。
In order to prevent the same fault happen again, it’s ruled that operator
should press the protection reset button S04 before startup, no matter t
here was a protection action before or not.
ooting
案例 5 ：燃机辅机故障－
四台冷却风机电缆烧坏被迫停机故障
Case 5, the auxiliary system fault of the gas turbine
- the wires of the four cooling fans were burnt down and the
unit was forced to stop.
ooting
事件经过
Course of Event
1 、故障发生前，燃机在基本负荷状态烧重油方式运行。
8 ： 00 机组发“轮机间冷却风机过载”报警。检查为轮机间冷却风机
88BT － 1 跳闸，自动切换到 88BT-2 运行。查 88BT-1 开关柜内有一相保
险熔断，带电缆摇绝缘对地为“ 0” ，即通知电气检修人员到现场进行处理；
1. The gas turbine was on base load status under the heavy oil mode.
08:00, the unit sent an alarm of “turbine compartment cooling fan overl
oad”. Checked that 88BT-1 was tripped and 88BT-2 was automatically
started. A fuse in some phase of the 88BT-1 switch cabinet was burnt
down. The insulation of it with cable was “0”. Informed the electrical ma
intenance crew to repair in field.
ooting
2 、 8 ： 30 检修人员到达现场，在 MCC 处测量电动机带电缆的绝缘为 0 。

在运行做好安措后，上到轮机间顶上风机处，准备在 88BT1 的风机电动机
接线盒处将电缆解开，分别测试电动机和电缆的绝缘，确定故障点。这时发
现正在运行的 88BT2 电动机也出了故障跳闸；
2. 08:30, the maintenance crew came into field and measured in MCC t
hat the insulation of the motor with cable was “0”. When the operators f
inished the safety measures, the maintenance crew went up to the roof
of the turbine compartment and planed to disconnect the cable in the ju
nction box of the 88BT1 motor, to test the insulations of the motor and
cable separately to find the fault point. At this moment the running mot
or of 88BT2 was tripped suddenly.
ooting
3 、当检修人员和运行值班员回到控制室时，发现 88VG1 也跳闸， 88VG2 自

投后也跳闸并发报警。运行值班员立即将负荷降到 80MW ，同时将连轴器间
两侧门打开，将轮机间两侧门微开，查 TTIB1 温度为 202℃ 。
When the maintenance crew and operators came back to the control cent
er, 88VG1 was tripped and 88VG2 was tripped and sent alarm after it was
automatically started. The operators immediately set the load to 80MW, th
en opened the two side doors of the load compartment and ajar opened th
e two side doors of the turbine compartment. The temperature of the TTIB
1 was 202℃.
4 、 9 ： 10 机组发“＃ 1 区火灾预报警”，即将燃机负荷降到 55MW 。在负荷

降到 60MW 时，该报警自动复归。期间此报警反复来过两次，可以复归。
4. 09:10, the unit sent alarm of “Fire precaution in #1 zone”. Set the load o
f gas turbine downward to 55MW. When the load declined to 60MW the al
arm automatically reset. The alarm showed twice and could be reset.
ooting
5 、检修人员在 MCC 处带着电缆测量绝缘，上述跳闸的四台电动机的绝缘均为 0 。
因为四台电动机同时出故障的可能性极小，从上述现象初步怀疑为四台电动机电缆
在某段公用通道出了问题，立即对电缆通道进行检查。检查发现电缆桥架从电缆沟
垂直上到轮机间顶部，贴着烟道附近上来的那一段电缆桥架盖板全部脱落掉下，电缆
在桥架内很松弛，从远处目视将电缆固定在桥架上的扎带已经脱落，戴手套摸电缆表
面发烫发软，一动电缆绝缘护套就掉皮，桥架转弯处几条电缆的绝缘护套均已经裂开
长口子，电缆芯线勒在金属桥架上造成接地故障。
5. The maintenance crew measured the insulation at MCC with cable. All the insu
lations of the four tripped motors were 0. Because the possibility of four motors o
ccurring problems at the same time was very low, the elementary conclusion fro
m the phenomena was that there might be some problem in the common channel
of the four motors. Checked the cable channels and found that the cover plate of
one cable duct, which was clinging to the flue from the cable trench vertical to the
top of the turbine compartment, had fallen down and the cables inside it were loo
se. The clamps mounting the cables to the duct had fallen down and the cables w
ere hot and soft. When you touched the cable the insulating jacket dropped and t
here were rips on the insulating jackets of several cables on the corner of the duc
t. The cable core touching the metal duct caused the grounding fault.
ooting
6 、发现四台风机跳闸原因后，估计抢修时间较长，将机组解列保持空载。
6. It might cost much time to solve the problem causing the trip of the f
our motors. So stepout the unit to maintain full speed.
7 、 10:04 燃机解列停机。
7. 10:04, the gas turbine stepout and shutdown.
8 、 10:34 将 88VG-1 、 88BT-2 电机接好临时电缆并试转正常。

8. 10:34, connected the temporary cable of 88VG1 and 88BT2 and veri
fied the operation of them.
ooting
故障分析
Failure Analysis
四台电动机电缆桥架从电缆沟垂直上到轮机间顶部，在贴着烟道附近上来
的那一段电缆桥架节处最高温度超过 300℃ （经测试，固定电缆桥架的工
字钢上的温度 155℃ ，电缆桥架内短路点位置的电缆表面温度为 160℃ ，
最高点的温度为 170℃ 以上，烟道膨胀节处最高温度超过 300℃ ，比其他
同类机组高 60℃ 以上。）。
The cable duct of the four motors were from the cable trench vertical to
the top of the turbine compartment. The maximum temperature of the p
art of the cable duct clinging to the flue was over 300℃. (After test, the
temperature of the I-beam for mounting cables was 155℃, and the sur
face and maximum temperatures of the cable near the grounding point
inside the cable duct were 160℃ and over 170℃. The maximum temp
erature of the flue expansion joint was over 300℃, 60℃ much higher t
han other units of the same species.)
ooting
高温使得电缆桥架内绑扎电缆的塑料扎带老化断裂，垂直部分电缆悬垂；并
且使电缆的绝缘护套变得及其柔软，接近熔融状态，机械强度大大降低，悬
垂电缆的重量使电缆全部挤向桥架转弯处，最后线芯勒破电缆的绝缘层而
发生接地。
The high temperature made the plastic clamps, which were used to coll
igate the cables inside the cable duct, aging and ruptured. The vertical
part was pendulous. The insulation jacket of the cable became very sof
t and close to the molten state, which greatly reduced the mechanical s
trength. The gravity of the pendulous cable crushed the cable to the co
rner of the duct and finally the insulating jacket was broken and caused
grounding failure.
ooting
故障反措
1 、对＃ 10 机轮机间、负荷连轴器间冷却风机的电缆走向进行改造，让其远
离高温区。同时要求以此事件为例，对我厂其他燃机冷却风机的电缆进行检
查，如存在高温危害的可能性，则要进行改造。
1. Reformed the cable direction of the cooling fans in the turbine compart
ment and load compartment to avoid high temperature zones. According t
o this troubleshooting, checked cables of other cooling fans and reformed,
if necessary, to avoid high temperature damage.
2 、加强对高温区附近的电缆进行检查，及时发现燃机漏气对电缆造成的危
害，及早采取应对措施，避免类似事件再次发生。
2. Enhanced the normal check to the cables around the high temperature
zones, to timely found the cable damage caused by the high temperature
gas exhaust leakage and to solve it to avoid the similar fault.
ooting
3 、对电缆桥架的直角转角处进行改造，采用圆弧过渡，避免电缆桥架的直
角转角对电缆绝缘层造成危害。
Replaced the right angle corner of the cable duct with arc corner, to av
oid the abrasion between the right angle duct and cable insulating jack
et.
4 、对轮机间、负荷连轴器间进行漏气检查（利用机组启动初期时间），找
出漏气点，进行处理。
Checked the gas exhaust leakage inside the turbine compartment and
the load compartment and solved it if there was.
ooting
发电机顶轴油泵电机 88QB 控制回路故障
- the control circuit fault of the generator jacking oil pump mo
tor 88QB
ooting
事件经过
Course of Event
由于雷击造成 MKV 控制系统故障， MKV 模拟量输入信号故障，使得 88Q

B 不能正常连锁启动；
Mark V system occurred fault by lightening strike. The fault of the Mark
V analog input signal caused the failure of interlock startup of 88QB.
这种故障已多次发生。
This kind of failure had happened several times.
ooting
故障分析
Failure Analysis
GE 系列的电机启动回路中均串入来自 MKV 的控制信号；雷击使得 MKV 中

信号紊乱（ DI 卡件损坏），在辅助滑油泵运行的情况下滑油压力低信号（ L63
QAL ）一直存在，顶轴油泵不能正常启动。
The motor startup circuits of GE are added the control signals from Mark
V. The lightening strike messed up the signals in Mark V (DI card was br
oken down). While the auxiliary lube oil pump was running, the lube oil pr
essure low signal L63QAL was always on and the jacking oil pump could
not startup normally.
电气图中－ K45 为滑油压力低（ L63QAL ）闭锁启动信号，即使在手动位置也

需要满足此条件。
In the electrical chart, the K45 is the interlock startup signal of the lube oi
l pressure low L63QAL, even if the pump is in manual position..
ooting
在顶轴油泵 88QB 控制回路串入的自动起停信号为 4QBZ1(L4QBZ1) 。
The automatic startup/shutdown signal added in the control circuit of th
e jacking oil pump 88QB is 4QBZ1.
1. 自动控制
1. Automatic Control
1) 电源开关在工作位 , 电源指示灯亮 , 操作选择把手应在“ AUTO” 位
1) The power switch is in working position, the power indicator was o
n and the mode select handle was in “AUTO” position.
2) 启停情况
2) Start/Stop Condition
(1) 开机过程中：机组转速≥ 26% 时， 88QB 退出运行 .
停机过程中：机组转速 <26% 时， 88QB 投入运行 .
(1) When the unit startup, when the speed ≥26%, 88QB stops.
When the unit shutdown, when the speed <26%, 88QB starts.
ooting
(2) 保护停：
(2) Protective Stop
a ：已发停机令且燃机已熄火 14 小时且已选择“ COOLDOWN CONTRO
L” 栏目下的“ OFF” 靶标且燃机转速≤ 0.06%
b ：压力开关 63QA-2 动作
a. “STOP” button is pressed, the unit is flame-out 14 hours, the “OFF” b
utton under the “COOLDOWN CONTROL” column was selected and the spe
ed is lower than 0.06%.
b. The pressure switch 63QA-2 is triggered.
(3) 保护启：
(3) Protective Start
a ：燃机转速≤ 0.06% 且压力开关 63QA-2 未动作且已选择 “ COOLDO
WN CONTROL” 栏目下的“ ON” 靶标
b ：燃机转速≥ 0.31% 且压力开关 63QA-2 未动作
a. The speed ≤0.06%, the pressure switch 63QA-2 is not triggered, and
the “ON” button under the “COOLDOWN CONTROL” column is selected.
b. The speed ≥0.31% and the pressure switch 63QA-2 is not triggered.
ooting
2. 手动控制 .
2. Manual Control
电源开关在工作位 , 操作把手打在“ MAN” 位，投入；黄色工作灯亮，将
操作把手打到“ OFF” 位，同时将开关退至检修位，退出
While the power switch is in working position and the mode select hand
le was in “MAN” position, it starts and the yellow working light is on. Wh
ile the mode select handle is in “OFF” position and the power switch is
pulled to maintenance position, it stops.
ooting
88QB Control Ladder Logic
ooting
ooting
故障反措
必须熟悉各台辅机的起停条件；
It’s a MUST to be familiar with the start/stop conditions of each auxiliar
y motor.
在启动后又跳闸的电机需要检查其设备绝缘正常；
It is necessary to check the insulation if the motor is tripped after it start
s.
强制 L63QALX 为 0 ，启动顶轴油泵；
Forced L63QALX to 0 to start the jacking oil pump.
ooting
燃机排气框架冷却风机 88TK2 故障
- the fault of the exhaust supporting cooling fan 88TK2
ooting
事件经过
Course of Event
某燃机水洗后开机过程中 88TK2 启动后即跳闸，测其绝缘正常，但相间直阻很
大，拆开电机接线盒发现 A 、 B 相接线柱处有短路现象， A 、 B 相接线以烧断。
After water washing, the 88TK2 was tripped after it started during the unit startu
p. Measured its insulation was normal but the resistance between phases were
high. Disassembled the junction box of the motor found there was short circuit b
etween phase A & B. The connecting cable of phase A & B was burnt down.
按照规程规定，燃机停止升负荷。
According to related rules, the gas turbine stopped loading up.
检查电机直阻和绝缘正常，检修人员重新制作接线鼻并更换接线柱后投运正常。
Checked the direct resistance and insulation were normal and it worked well aft
er the maintenance crew replaced the connector and cable.
ooting
ooting
故障分析
Failure Analysis
电机露天安装，年久失修，接线柱处接触电阻过大，加之水洗后可能造成风
扇进水，电机启动后电流较大，造成接线端子处过热烧断并引发短路故障。
The motor has been mounted in the open air for years without mainten
ance. The contact resistance in the wiring terminal and there might be
water inside the fan after water washing. The start current is so high to
overheat the wiring terminal and burn down it, which caused the short c
ircuit fault.
ooting
故障反措
定期检查电机绝缘；
Routinely measure the insulation of motors.
水洗时启动 88TK 运行，水洗结束后打开 TK 的低位排放阀将存水放净。

Start 88TK during water washing. After water washing, open the low po
sition drain valve of 88TK to drain water.
ooting
案例 8 ：变压器故障－
汽轮机主变高压侧 A 相线圈匝间短路事故
Case 8, the transformer fault
- the coil turn to turn short circuit accident in the high voltage
side phase A of the steam turbine transformer
ooting
事件经过
Course of Event
6 时 45 分许，某汽机开机， 7 ： 00 空载满速，发电机建压后立刻发出发变组
差动动作、轻瓦斯报警、重瓦斯保护动作、发电机转子表面过负荷报警
等信号，发电机励磁开关跳闸。根据 DCS 的打印记录显示，当时发电机 A
、 C 相出现了 1500A 左右的电流，而 B 相电流为零。
06:45, during the steam turbine startup. 07:00, it reached full speed. W
hen the generator raised voltage the system sent several alarms, such
as the transformer differential protection, light gas alarm, heavy gas pr
otection, surface overload alarm of generator rotor. Then the excitation
switch was tripped. According to the printing record of DCS, there were
1500A current in the generator phase A & C, while the phase B was 0.
ooting
电厂检修、运行人员立即到汽机主变现场检查，发现汽机主变呼吸器下方有少
量变压器油，检查瓦斯继电器，发现内部有气体生成，立即取变压器油样及瓦斯继
电器内的气样化验，同时取气样作燃烧试验，发现气体可燃。对变压器进行了相
关电气试验，结果介损严重超标，变压器高压侧 A 相线圈直阻与 B 、 C 相相比高
30% ；油样化验结果表明油中气体含量（主要成分为氢气、乙炔、一氧化碳）严重
超标，确认变压器内部出现放电故障。必须进行吊罩检查。
The maintenance crew and operators came to the field of the steam turbine tr
ansformer and found there was a little transformer oil under the respirator of t
he transformer. Checked the gas relay and found there was some gas genera
ted. Took some samples of the transformer oil and the gas generated in the g
as relay. Burnt some of the air and it was combustible. Tested the related ele
ctrical performance of the transformer and found its dielectric loss extremely
exceeded standard. The direct resistance of the phase A was 30% much high
er than the one of phase B or C. The test result of the oil sample showed the
gas content (mainly hydrogen, acetylene and carbon monoxide) in the oil criti
cally exceeded limit, which concluded there could be electric discharge pheno
menon inside the transformer. It must open the cover to check.
ooting
故障分析
Failure Analysis
事故前，汽机主变因进行“从燃用天然气至恢复燃用重油”的相关工作而
停运，此间连续两天下大雨。分析认为，主变内变压器油冷却后体积收缩，
箱体内产生负压，雨水就沿着高压套管（充油型）内的高压引线渗入变压器
内部 , 导致 A 相高压线圈引线接头部位局部绝缘强度降低。 Before the f
ault, the transformer stopped working for some related work with the tr
ansfer from gas fuel to heavy oil fuel. And it was rainy during the two d
ays. It was concluded that the oil inside the transformer constricted wh
en it was cooled down, which caused negative pressure inside the box.
The rain percolated into the transformer along with the high voltage lea
d wire inside the high voltage sleeve (oil immersed type), which caused
partial insulation decline in the lead wire connector of the phase A coil.
ooting
在吊罩后检查变压器线圈时，发现汽机主变 A 相套管至高压线圈的引线绝
缘纸带内含有大量水份 , 并聚集在Ａ相高压线圈与下引线的连接处，直接
证实了上述分析。
After opened the cover of the transformer, it was found that there was
much water in the zone from the phase A sleeve of steam turbine trans
former to the lead wire insulation paper tape of the high voltage coil. An
d the water accumulated in the connecting point between the phase A
high voltage coil and the lead wire, which directly supported the analysi
s above.
ooting
故障反措
对全厂该类型变压器高压套管的将军帽进行更换，改进其防水防漏措施，防止类
似事故的再次发生。
Replaced all the high voltage sleeve covers of the transformers with the same
species in the plant to improve the water-proof and leakage-proof ability and t
o avoid this type of failure again.
加强套管法兰密封面的检查工作，应注意对套管顶部、储油柜顶部和呼吸器管道
等处的密封情况进行检查，发现异常（如渗漏油等）及时处理，严格防止变压器在运
行中进水或空气，使绝缘性能变劣导致绝缘击穿。
Strengthen the check to the flange sealing surface of sleeves and pay attenti
on to the sealing conditions of the top of the sleeve, the top of the oil tank and
the respirator tube. If there is abnormity (e.g. oil leakage), solve it immediatel
y. Strictly prevent the situation of water or gas inside the transformer during r
unning, which might cause insulation decline or insulation breakdown.
ooting
缩短检查周期，严格取样标准和规范操作，每半年对主变、高厂变油品进
行一次取样检查分析，同时进行套管油样色谱分析。
Shorten the inspection cycle, be strict with sample standard and operat
ion rule. Sample and analyze the oil quality of the main transformers an
d auxiliary transformers each half a year and the chromatographic anal
ysis for sleeve oil.
利用远红外成像仪，每三个月对主变、高厂变的套管、本体、电缆、封
母进行一次检测，对过热、热场分布不均等现象进行分析，并采取相应的措
施予以消除。
Use infrared scanning imager to measure the temperature of the main t
ransformer, the auxiliary transformer, the body, the cable and the seali
ng bus each three months. Analyze the phenomena of the overheat an
d the uneven distribution of thermal field and solve all the problems by
corresponding methods.
燃气轮机运行维护 Operation & Maintenance of
Gas Turbine
谢谢！
The end. Thanks!

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电气故障处理

案例 1 ：发电器机定子 3U0 接地跳机故障

2 、 08 ： 13 ，汽机空载，执行中控启励。当机端电压上升至 9.4KV 时，机组主汽门

3 、 08 ： 35 应检修要求再次启励，当机端电压上升至 9.4KV 时，仍发“汽

6. Disassembled the low voltage side phase B cables (6 pieces) of the

耐压试验后测量绝缘（此次用 5KV 摇表测量），主变低压侧 B 相电缆 50000

2006 年开始，转子绝缘逐渐下降，最低时不足 1MΩ 。（规程要求转子绝缘

对励磁机转子回路进行解体检查发现，转子回路 40 MΩ ，整流盘 0.5MΩ ，

17 ： 31 ： 29 （ MKV 时间），机组基本负荷运行期间，发电机保护屏（ P343 ）发保

停机后检查发电机 C 相绕组绝缘不合格，为 0 ，判断 C 相绕组单相接地！

对于暂时能维持运行的机组，必须定期安排检查，及时掌握 SRS 的型变情

燃机空载满速之后没有自动启励， MKV 没有异常报警；

K265 、 K266 是发电机保护 F60 动作出口中间继电器，可能在前一次解列之后发电机

发电机保护动作的信号指示灯－ S04 坏了，值班人员看到指示灯没亮，以为保护未动作，就

2 、 8 ： 30 检修人员到达现场，在 MCC 处测量电动机带电缆的绝缘为 0 。

3 、当检修人员和运行值班员回到控制室时，发现 88VG1 也跳闸， 88VG2 自

4 、 9 ： 10 机组发“＃ 1 区火灾预报警”，即将燃机负荷降到 55MW 。在负荷

8 、 10:34 将 88VG-1 、 88BT-2 电机接好临时电缆并试转正常。

由于雷击造成 MKV 控制系统故障， MKV 模拟量输入信号故障，使得 88Q

GE 系列的电机启动回路中均串入来自 MKV 的控制信号；雷击使得 MKV 中

电气图中－ K45 为滑油压力低（ L63QAL ）闭锁启动信号，即使在手动位置也

水洗时启动 88TK 运行，水洗结束后打开 TK 的低位排放阀将存水放净。

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