THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and
from the brain and spinal to the rest of the body
• Responsible for movement and reaction to internal and
external stimuli
 2 Major Parts
CENTRAL PERIPHERAL
• Brain • Outside CNS
• Spinal cord
BRAIN
BRAIN STEM
CEREBRUM
(thinking, decision–making, and Processes taste, touch,
planning) and temperature

PARIETAL
FRONTAL

OCCIPITAL
TEMPORAL

Processing of visual
information

Hearing and selective listening and

comprehension of sound and
speech

4 LOBES OF THE
CEREBELLUM
THALAMUS
Identifies and directs
sensory information to
respective lobes
 HYPOTHALAMUS
Motivational behavior
(hunger and thirst), regulates
body temperature, and
controls pituary gland
 Other Parts of the Brain
 Midbrain
 Pons
 Corpus callosum
 Amygdala
 Hippocampus
 2 Types of Matter
Grey Matter White Matter
o Neurons and neuroglia o Axons
SPINAL
CORD
SPINAL CORD
White Matter
CAUDA EQUINA
OTHER PARTS OF
THE CNS
 Other Parts of the CNS
Meninges Cerebral Spinal Fluid
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
 LASSIFICATIONS OF NERVE
Connection to CNS


Direction of nerve propagation



Targeted effectors

 CONNECTION TO CNS
Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves
• Originate and terminate in the brain • Originate and terminate in spinal cord
• Leave the brain and pass through • Leave the spinal cord and pass through
foramina in the skull intervertebral foramina
• 12 pairs • 31 pairs
– 8 Cervical
– 12 Thoracic
– 5 Lumbar
– 5 Sacral
– 1 Coccygeal
DIRECTION OF NERVE
PROPAGATION

• Sensory (afferent) Neurons

– Impulses from body to CNS
• Motor (efferent) Neurons
– From CNS to effectors (muscles or glands
 Targeted Effectors
• Somatic Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System
Peripheral Nerve Fibers Motor Nerve Fibers

 Pick up sensory information from the  Take messages for movement and
peripheral or distant organs necessary action to the skeletal muscles
 UTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTE
Sympathetic
– Prepares body for action

Parasympathetic
– Tranquilizes body

Enteric
– “Gut Brain”
CELLS
Neurons
Parts
• Cell body
• Dendrites
• Axons

Myelin Sheath
How Neurons Receive
and Send Messages
 3 Types of Neurons

• Multipolar neurons

• Bipolar neurons

• Unipolar neurons
 CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Microglia
Neuroglia PNS
Satellite/myosatellite Cells
Schwann Cells
 REFERENCES
• http://brainmadesimple.com/
• https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-the-Nervous-System.aspx
• http://gut.bmj.com/content/47/suppl_4/iv15
• http://w
• www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders
/biology-of-the-nervous-system/spinal-cord
• https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-the-Nervous-System.aspx
• http://www.networkglia.eu/
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/neuroglia/
• https://www.slideshare.net/farhan_aq91/structural-organization-of-nerv
ous-system-new
• https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/anatomy-and-physiology/the-n
ervous-system/nervous-system-organization
• BOOK
MENINGITIS