TRENDS AND IMPACT IN IT

CLOUD COMPUTING
CLOUD COMPUTING

• Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers,

storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over
the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and
economies of scale.
BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• Cost – Cloud computing eliminates the capital expense of buying hardware
and software and setting up and running on-site datacenters—the racks of
servers, the round-the-clock electricity for power and cooling, and the IT
experts for managing the infrastructure. 
• Speed – Most cloud computing services are provided self service and on
demand, so even vast amounts of computing resources can be provisioned in
minutes, giving businesses a lot of flexibility and taking the pressure off
capacity planning.
• Global scale – The benefits of cloud computing services include the ability to
scale elastically. In cloud speak, that means delivering the right amount of IT
resources, right when they’re needed, and from the right geographic location.
BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• Productivity – On-site datacenters typically require a lot of “racking and
stacking”—hardware setup, software patching, and other time-consuming IT
management chores. Cloud computing removes the need for many of these
tasks, so IT teams can spend time on achieving more important business
goals.
• Performance – The biggest cloud computing services run on a worldwide
network of secure datacenters, which are regularly upgraded to the latest
generation of fast and efficient computing hardware. 
• Reliability – Cloud computing makes data backup, disaster recovery, and
business continuity easier and less expensive because data can be mirrored at
multiple redundant sites on the cloud provider’s network.
BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

• Security – Many cloud providers offer a broad set of policies, technologies,

and controls that strengthen your security posture overall, helping protect
your data, apps, and infrastructure from potential threats.
TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

• Public cloud – Public clouds are typically owned and operated by a third-
party cloud service providers, which deliver their computing resources, like
servers and storage, over the Internet. With a public cloud, all hardware,
software, and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the
cloud provider. You access these services and manage your account using a
web browser.
TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

• Private cloud – A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources used
exclusively by a single business or organization. A private cloud can be
physically located on the company’s on-site datacenter. Some companies also
pay third-party service providers to host their private cloud. 
• Hybrid cloud – Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, bound
together by technology that allows data and applications to be shared
between them. 
TYPES OF CLOUD SERVICES

• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) – The most basic category of cloud

computing services. With IaaS, you rent IT infrastructure from a cloud
provider on a pay-as-you-go basis.
• Platform as a service (PaaS) – Platform as a service refers to cloud computing
services that supply an on-demand environment for developing, testing,
delivering, and managing software applications. PaaS is designed to make it
easier for developers to quickly create web or mobile apps.
TYPES OF CLOUD SERVICES

• Serverless computing – Overlapping with PaaS, serverless computing focuses on

building app functionality without spending time continually managing the servers
and infrastructure required to do so. The cloud provider handles the setup,
capacity planning, and server management for you. 
• Software as a service (SaaS) – Software as a service is a method for delivering
software applications over the Internet, on demand and typically on a subscription
basis. With SaaS, cloud providers host and manage the software application and
underlying infrastructure, and handle any maintenance. Users connect to the
application over the Internet, usually with a web browser on their phone, tablet, or
PC.
USES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

• Create cloud-native applications

• Test and build applications
• Store, back up, and recover data
• Analyze data
• Stream audio and video
• Embed intelligence
• Deliver software on demand
MOBILE DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS
MOBILE PHONE

• A mobile phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over

a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service
area.
• The origins of the mobile phones started in 1950 during the Cold War. The
creation of the mobile phones started after World War II.
MOBILE NETWORK

• A mobile network is a communication network where the link to and from

end nodes is wireless. The network is distributed over land areas called
"cells", each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver. These base
stations provide the cell with the network coverage which can be used for
transmission of voice, data, and other types of content. A cell typically uses a
different set of frequencies from neighboring cells, to avoid interference and
provide guaranteed service quality within each cell.
MOBILE PHONE GENERATIONS

• 0G (A.K.A. Mobile radio telephone) – Mobile

radio telephone systems were telephone systems
of a wireless type that preceded the
modern cellular mobile form
of telephony technology.
MOBILE PHONE GENERATIONS

• 1G – These are the analog telecommunications

standards that were introduced in the 1980s.
MOBILE PHONE GENERATIONS

• 2G – This network introduces the SMS (Short

Message Service), and MMS (Multimedia
Message Service).
There are also 2 improvements during the trend of
2G phones:
• 2.5G – GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
• 2.75G – EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM
Evolution)
MOBILE PHONE GENERATIONS

• 3G – This technology provides an information

transfer rate faster than that of 2G.
There are also 3 improvements during the trend
of 3G phones:
• 3.5G – HSPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access)
• 3.75G – HSPA+ (Evolved High-Speed Downlink
Packet Access)
• 3.95G – LTE (Long-Term Evolution)
MOBILE PHONE GENERATIONS

• 4G – This network provides mobile broadband Internet access, mobile

web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video
conferencing, 3D television, and cloud computing, among many others.
• There is also an improvement in LTE through 4G called LTE Advanced.
• There is a disadvantage of using 4G, which is that there is a need to revert to
3G when doing calls.
• VoLTE (Voice over LTE) helps the 4G network to be used for calls while also
using the internet access simultaneously.
MOBILE PHONE GENERATIONS

• 5G – This network provides a faster internet connection similar to that of a

broadband and has all the features of 4G networks with VoLTE.
There are 2 types of 5G networks:
• Non-standalone – This requires LTE technologies to control the data.
• Standalone – This allows the 5G network no longer have to rely on LTE, and
thus more stable connection.
MOBILE PHONE GENERATIONS

• 6G – This network is still under development that will supposed to have

advanced features like Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Artificial
Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and many more.
MOBILE APPLICATIONS

• A mobile application, also referred to as a mobile app or simply an app, is

a computer program or software application designed to run on a mobile
device such as a phone, tablet, or watch.
• Mobile applications often stand in contrast to desktop applications which are
designed to run on desktop computers, and web applications which run
in mobile web browsers rather than directly on the mobile device.
TYPES OF MOBILE APPS

• Native app - All apps targeted toward a particular mobile platform are known
as native apps.
• Web-based app - A web-based app is implemented with the standard web
technologies. Internet access is typically required for proper behavior or being
able to use all features compared to offline usage. Most, if not all, user data is
stored in the cloud.
• Hybrid app - The concept of the hybrid app is a mix of native and web-based
apps.
EXAMPLES OF MOBILE APPS

• Messaging
• Calling
• Camera
• Recording
• Web Browser
• Games
• GPS (Global Positioning System)
USER INTERFACES
USER INTERFACE

• The user interface (UI) is the point at which human users interact with a
computer, website or application. The goal of effective UI is to make the user's
experience easy and intuitive, requiring minimum effort on the user's part to
receive maximum desired outcome.
• UI is created in layers of interaction that appeal to the human senses (sight,
touch, auditory and more). They include both input devices like keyboard,
mouse, trackpad, microphone, touch screen, fingerprint scanner, e-pen and
camera and output devices like monitors, speakers and printers.
TYPES OF USER INTERFACE
• Multimedia User Interface: Devices that interact with multiple senses. It
also uses a combination of tactile input (keyboard and mouse) and a visual
and auditory output (monitor and speakers).
• Form-based user interface: Used to enter data into a program or application
by offering a limited selection of choices. For example, a settings menu on a
device is form-based.
• Graphical user interface: A tactile UI input with a visual UI output (keyboard
and monitor).
TYPES OF USER INTERFACE
• Menu-driven user interface: A UI that uses a list of choices to navigate within
a program or website. For example, ATMs use menu-driven UIs and are easy
for anyone to use.
• Touch user interface: User interface through haptics or touch. Most
smartphones, tablets and any device that operates using a touch screen use
haptic input.
• Voice user interface: Interactions between humans and machines using
auditory commands. Examples include virtual assistant devices, talk-to-text,
GPS and much more.
ELEMENTS OF THE UI
• Information architecture: Structuring and organizing a UI content in a logical
way is important to help users navigate the site with minimal effort.
Example: Navigation elements (buttons, tabs, icons), labels (terminology),
search features (search bar) and organization systems (categories).
• Interactive design: Elements of ID aim to turn passive readers into active
participants by presenting instances of user input. Efficiently-designed
interactive UIs can 'learn' to anticipate and remedy any problems that may
come up before they negatively impact the user's experience.
Example: Social-share features, toggles, buttons.
ELEMENTS OF THE UI

• Visual design: Effective design utilizes color, contrast, font, video and photo
elements to attract visitors and make it easy for them to read and works with
the content, rather than around it, to create a logical, intuitive flow of
functionality.
Example: Contrast, color, white space, typography, mobile optimization.
CRITERIA OF A GOOD USER INTERFACE

• Color contrast • Branding

• Design for responsiveness
• Pleasurable design
• Intuitive usability
• Consistency
• Relevance
• Focus on the users
• Easy on the eyes
• Easy to use
• Minimal bugs and errors
• Adaptable to changes
• Having common functionalities
• Balanced dynamic effects