Nematode Populations as Affected by Residue and Water Management in a Long-

term Wheat-soybean Rotation in Eastern Arkansas

Lucia Escalante and Kristofor Brye 1 1
1
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences

Introduction Materials and Methods Results

• 20
Plant parasitic nematodes are a major pest for soybean (Glycine • Treatment and Experimental Design:
max L.) production in the United States (Hartman et al., 2015; • The six treatments (tillage, irrigation, burning, residue level,

Nematode Concentration
Koenning et al., 1999) date, and year) were considered as fixed effects
• The soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), • ANOVA using GLIMMIX in SAS was used to determine the 16 A

[Number (100 cm3)-1]

root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), and reniform effects of the treatments and their interactions. Significance
nematodes (Rotylenchus spp) are the most damaging for level (α) of 0.05 and LSD test for means separation were used
soybean production in Arkansas (Arkansas Soybean Promotion 12
AB
Board, 2018)
• Agricultural practices, such as tillage, irrigation, burning, and
AB
residue cover, can influence nematode populations and 8
reproduction (Brye et al., 2018)
• Little research has been conducted on the effects of agricultural AB
AB
practices on nematode populations in double-crop, wheat 4
BC
(Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean systems in Arkansas
C
Objective 0
D

• Evaluate the effects of tillage practices [conventional tillage (CT)
and no tillage (NT)], water management (irrigation and
dryland), residue burning (burned and unburned), and wheat-
residue level (high and low) on plant-parasitic nematode
abundance and reproduction in the top 10 within the growing
season and between years
Hypotheses
2017 2018
Year
Fig. 1: Soybean cyst nematode female observed from a stereoscope 40 to Fig. 4: Lesion nematode (Pratylenchus sp.) soil concentration under no-
60x magnification in the Nematode Diagnostic Laboratory in Hope, AR. tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) in a long-term, wheat-soybean,
double-crop production system on a silt-loam soil in eastern Arkansas.
Results Different letters atop bars are different at   0.05.
1.2
A Burn • Soybean cyst nematode egg concentration was 17.9 times
No-burn greater (P < 0.05) at the end of the growing season in October
Nematode Concentration

than in July and August

[Number (100 cm ) ]
3 -1

• Nematode population will be greater under CT than NT, • The soybean cyst nematode stage-2 juveniles [J2] SCN J2
0.8
irrigation than dryland, burned than non-burned, and high- abundance was 3.4 times greater (P < 0.01) under the CT-burn
AB
residue-level than low-residue-level than under the CT no-burn and NT- burn treatment
combinations (Fig. 2)
Materials and Methods 0.4
• The SCN J2 abundance in 2017 was 8.6 times greater (P =
BC 0.03) among the irrigated-CT, irrigated-NT, and dryland-CT
• Site Description: Lon Mann Cotton Branch Experiment Station, than under the dryland-NT combination (Fig. 3)
C
Mariana, AR. The experiment was conducted on a Calloway silt- • Spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus spp.) abundance was 5.7
loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic, Glossaquic Fragiudalfs) times greater (P = 0.05) under the irrigated-high-residue than
0
under the dryland-low-residue-level treatment combination in
CT NT
Plot and Treatment Tillage 2018 (Fig. 4)
Fig. 2: Soybean cyst nematode juvenile concentration differences among
Management
Wheat tillage [conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)]-residue burning (burn Conclusions
planting and no burn) treatment combinations in a long-term, wheat-soybean, • Different treatment combinations did not have the same effect
(November of 2016 and
2017)
double-crop production system on a silt-loam soil in eastern Arkansas. on all nematode species
Different letters atop bars are different at   0.05. • Nematodes were affected by at least one treatment or the
Soybean Wheat 2.5 interaction of two or more
harvesting fertilization
(October of 2017 and (2017 and 2018) • Nematode control has to be tailored to species and
2018)
A
Nematode Concentration

management practices for best results

2
[Number (100 cm3)-1]

Soybean Burning and A A

Acknowledgements
irrigation CT(June of 2017 and 1.5
• This project was partially funded by the Arkansas Soybean
(2017 and 2018) 2018)
Research and Promotion Board
Soybean 1
References
planting (June of • Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board (ASPB). 2018. Controlling harmful effects of
2017 and 2018) nematodes [Online]. Available at: http://www.themiraclebean.com/controllin-the-
harmful-effects-of-nematodes-2/ (verified 26 Oct., 2019).
AB • Brye, K. R., Quarta, M., Morrison, C., and Rothrock, C. 2018. Long-term effects of residue
0.5
BC and water management practices on plant parasitic nematode abundance and soybean
• Soil Sample Collection and Analysis: BC BC
root infection. Applied Soil Ecology 124:275-283.
C • Hartman, G. L., Rupe, J. C., Sikora, E. J., Domier, L. L., Davis, J. A., and Steffey, K. L. 2015.
• 2 years of data (2017 and 2018) 0 Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests. The American Phytopatological Society St.
• 3 sample dates (July, August, and October) 2017 2018
Paul, Minessota, USA.
• Koenning, S. R., Overstreet, C., Noling, J. W., Donald, P. A., Becker, J. O., and Fortnum, B.A.
• Total of 48 soil samples Year 1999. Survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematode in the United States
• Ten soil sub-samples were collected from the top 10 cm within for 1994. Journal of Nematology 31:587-618.
Fig. 3: Soybean cyst nematode juvenile concentration differences among
the planted soybean row in a criss-cross pattern within each plot
tillage [conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)]-residue burning (burn
• Elutriation method was used for nematode extraction and no burn) treatment combinations in a long-term, wheat-soybean,
• An stereoscope 40 to 60x magnification was used for nematode double-crop production system on a silt-loam soil in eastern Arkansas.
abundance and species identification Different letters atop bars are different at   0.05.
 LIQUENES
INTRODUCCION

• Los líquenes en la actualidad son

considerados como mini-
ecosistemas (Purvis, 2000)
• Un liquen es una asociación
simbiótica, puede estar conformado
por una o dos clases de
micobiontes.
• La liquenización es un fenómeno
biológico muy antiguo que ha
tenido gran éxito desde el punto de
vista adaptativo
OBJETIVO o

• El objetivo principal es conocer y

observar líquenes presentes en
algunas plantas.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

• Revisión de artículos científicos

• Cámara (celular)