WELCOME

Network Topology

Ashis Talukder, PhD

Associate Professor
Department of MIS
University of Dhaka
Dr. Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 1
Last Class

Dr. Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 2

Last Class

1. Computer Network:
Introduction
Motivation
Classification: LAN, MAN, WAN
SAN
VPN
Intranet
Extranet

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Today’s Class

Dr. Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 4

Today’s Class

2. Network Topology:
Definition
Classification
BUS
TREE
STAR
RING
MESH
HYBRI
D

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Network Topology

 The geometric structure of the

interconnections among the
participating computers and
devices in the network.

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Network Topology

 Network topologies may be

 physical or
 logical.

 Physical topology: means the physical design

of a network including the devices, location
and cable installation.

 Logical topology: refers to how data is actually

transferred in a network as opposed to its
physical design.

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Network Topology

 Topology can be considered as a virtual

shape or structure of a network.

 This shape does not correspond to the actual

physical design of the devices on the computer
network.

 The computers on a home network can be

arranged in a circle but it does not necessarily
mean that it represents a ring topology.

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Classification

 Point-to-point
 BUS (Point-to-point)
 Tree
 Star
 Mesh
 Ring
 Hybrid

This classification is based on the interconnection

between computers — be it physical or logical.

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Point-to-Point

 The simplest topology is a permanent link

between two endpoints (the line in the
illustration above).

 Switched point-to-point topologies are the

basic model of conventional telephony.

 The value of a permanent point-to-point

network is the value of guaranteed, or nearly
so, communications between the two endpoints.

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Point-to-Point

 The value of an on-demand point-to-point

connection is proportional to the number of
potential pairs of subscribers.
 Permanent (dedicated)
 Easiest to understand, of the variations of point-to-point
topology, is a point-to-point communications channel that
appears, to the user, to be permanently associated with the
two endpoints.

 A children's "tin-can telephone" is one example, with a

microphone to a single public address speaker is another.

 These are examples of physical dedicated

channels.
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Point-to-Point

 Switched:
 Using circuit-switching or packet-
switching technologies, a point-to-point
circuit can be set up dynamically, and
dropped when no longer needed.

 This is the basic mode of conventional

telephony.

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BUS

 Architecture:
 each machine is connected to
a single cable called drop
cable through some kind of
connector Tap.

 Each computer or server is

connected to the single
common shared bus cable,
called the backbone of the
bus topology network.

 A terminator is required at
each end of the bus cable to
prevent the signal from
bouncing back and forth on
the bus cable.
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BUS
 used with multipoint medium

 transmission propagates
throughout medium bi-
directionally

 heard by all stations

 full duplex connection between

station and tap
 allows for transmission and
reception

 need to regulate transmission

 to avoid collisions and
hogging

 terminator absorbs frames at

end of medium 14
Tree

 The tree topology is a

generalization of the bus
topology.

 The transmission
medium is a branching
cable with no closed
loops.

 The tree layout begins at

a point known as the
headend or root.
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Tree

 One or more cables start at

the headend, and each of
these may have branches.

 The branches in turn may

have additional branches to
allow quite complex
layouts.

 Again, a transmission from

any station propagates
throughout the medium and
can be received by all other
stations.
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 Ring

 a closed loop of
repeaters joined by
point to point links,
called the backbone.

 receive data on one

link & retransmit on
another
 links unidirectional

 stations attach to
repeaters

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 Ring
 data in frames
 circulate past all
stations

 destination
recognizes address and
copies frame

 frame circulates
back to source where
it is removed

 media access control

determines when a
station can insert
frame

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Star

 In the star LAN topology,

each station is directly
connected to a common
central node.

 Typically, each station

attaches to a central node via
two point-to-point links,
one for transmission and
one for reception.

 In general, there are two

alternatives for the operation
of the central node.

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Star

 One approach is for the

central node to operate in a
broadcast fashion.
 A transmission of a frame
from one station to the node is
retransmitted on all of the
outgoing links.

 In this case, although the

arrangement is physically a star,
it is logically a bus: A
transmission from any station is
received by all other stations,
and only one station at a time
may successfully transmit.

 In this case, the central element

is referred to as a hub.
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Star

 Another approach is for

the central node to act as
a frame-switching device.

 An incoming frame is
buffered in the node and
then retransmitted on
an outgoing link to the
destination station.

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Mesh
 All the nodes are directly
connected to all other nodes.

 Highly reliable with alternative

paths between any pair of hosts

 Very good for short distance

communication

 The physical fully connected

mesh topology is generally too
costly and complex for practical
networks
 Not feasible for long haul
communication.

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Mesh

 Fully connected mesh

topology

 The number of
connections in a full
mesh = n(n - 1) / 2

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Question...???

Dr. Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 24

Coming up
Next

Dr. Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 25

Course Outline

3. Protocol & Protocol Models:

Introduction: Protocol
OSI Model
TCP/IP Model
Early Protocols: ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA
CSMA, CSMA/CD
Ethernet: 10 BASE, 100BASE, 1000BASE
4. Transmission Media:
Definition
Guided: Twisted Pair, Coaxial Cable, Optical Fiber
Unguided: IR, Spread Spectrum, Microwave

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Thank You

Dr. Ashis Talukder, MIS, DU 27