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Lesson 1 Lesson 2 The Emergence of Social Science
Lesson 1 Lesson 2 The Emergence of Social Science
• SOCIAL • SCIENCE
- Relating to human society and how it - The study of the physical and natural
organized. world and phenomena, especially by
using systematic observation and
experiment.
LESSON 1: DEFINITION OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
• SOCIAL SCIENCE is a branch of science that deals with the institutions and
functioning of human society with the intrapersonal relationships.
Objectives:
• To define Social Sciences as the study of society.
• To distinguish Social Sciences and Natural Science and Humanities.
• Apply the use of Scientific Method in Social Research
-The three fields in Science units by using SCIENTIFIC METHOD, but commonly used
in SOCIAL SCIENCES and NATURAL SCIENCES than HUMANISM.
SOCIAL SCIENCES NATURAL SCIENCE HUMANITIES
The Study of Human A science that studies the The branch of learning that
Society. physical and natural world investigate human construct
or events that happens in and concerns as opposed to
A particular area of study that nature. natural processes.
relates to human behavior That deals with matter,
and society. energy, and their The quality or state of being
interrelations and human.
Ex. Economics and Politics transformations or with
objectively measurable Seek Human Reaction
Human Behavior phenomena.
Ex. Physics, Chemistry,
Biology
Experimental and Natural
phenomena.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD- IS A SYSTEMATIC AND LOGICAL APPROACH IN ACQUIRING AND
EXPLAINING KNOWLEDGE.
• Define the research problem What are the variables or the units of analysis being studied?
• Review the Related Literature What has been written about the topic?
What are the research gasps?
• Formulate Hypothesis What are the specific parameters of the research problem?
What are the means of manipulating the variables and measuring
the result of study?
• Prepare the research design Is the research going to be descriptive, exploratory, or
experimental?
How should the sample be selected from the population?
• Collect Data Will the interviews be done personally or over the phone?
Who are the target participants of the survey?
• Analyze Data What do the data reveal about the relationships of the variables
being studied?
How do the data answers the research problem?
TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
ACCORDING TO SELLUZ, ET AL. RESEARCH DESIGN IS THE ARRANGEMENT OF CONDITIONS FOR THE
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA IN A MANNER THAT AIMS TO COMBINE RELEVANCE TO THE RESEARCH
PURPOSES WITH THE ECONOMY IN PROCEDURE
THIS IS THE RESEARCH DESIGN TABLE:
TYPES CHARACTERISTICS
• DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH -It provides answer to the basic questions associated with the research problems.
Ex. A descriptive study that factors that lead to domestic violence.
• HISTORICAL RESEARCH -This design collects, verifies, and synthesizes evidence from the past in order to
validate or reject hypothesis.
Ex. Martial Law in the Philippines
• EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH -This type of research answers the questions. ‘What causes something to occur?
Ex. A study on the effect of sleep deprivation on health and productivity.
• EXPLORATORY RESEARCH - This design tackles research problems that have little or no previous studies done
on it.
Ex. A comparative study on the effectiveness of same sex parenting vs. conventional
parenting.
• CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH - This design measures similarities o differences across groups and subjects.
Ex. A study on the incidence of breast cancer across different age groups of
women.
• LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH - It studies the same sample across time or across regular time intervals. This
design allows researchers to track changes that occur over a period of and
identify the variables that might causing the changes.
- Ex. A study on the effect of TV programming to violent behavior among
children
• SEQUENTIAL RESEARCH - This type of design carried out in a series over a interval.
- Ex. A Study on the effects of diet, exercise, and common medication on heart
disease conducted across different age groups.
• CASE STUDY -This type of design is applied to study a very particular research problem.
Ex. Improving school conditioned by changing public in South Los Angeles.
• META ANALYSIS -This type of design evaluates and summarizes the result of other individual
studies.
Ex. Fertility and Women’s Employment
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
• QUALITATIVE method analyzes data such as interviews, narratives, and literary text. The emphasis in
qualitative analysis is sense-making or understanding a phenomenon rather than predicting or explaining.
• QUANTITATIVE method analyzes quantifiable or numeric data does not provide an absolute measurement
of human ideals like happiness or quality education, this method provide the indicator like the size of the
population the country, and the presence absence of the corruption in the country.
• According to JOHN CRESSWELL (2013) described the mixed method as a research approach that
integrates both QUANTITATIVE and QUALITATIVE data in a single to address the research questions.
POVERTY AS A SOCIAL ISSUE IN THE PHILIPPINES:
According to the PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY, the poverty incidence among filipinos for the
first quarter of 2015 is at 26.3 % is lower compared to the same period in 2012 is at 27.9%.
How Social Sciences shapes lives? Social Sciences help to shape the lives of the filipino through the help of
the Government Policies that is also based on specific studies conduct in social issues.
Ex. The 4ps of Former President Noynoy Aquino and the cct by Former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
LESSON 2: SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES
9. DEMOGRAPHY- Is the study of human population. It comes from the two Greek words ‘demos’ meaning “the people” and
‘graphos’ “charting or mapping”.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT POPULATION:
FERTILITY- Is the incidence of child bearing in a country’s population (Macionis 2006).
MORTALITY- Incidence of death rate , or number of death for every 1,00 in population.
MIGRATION- This is the movement of people into and out of a particular territory.
DEMOGRAPHERS:
EDMOND HALLEY- Is one of the earliest demography and a scientist that study a person’s likelihood of death.
THOMAS MALTHUS- Highlights the main area of inquiry which is population growth rate , and which he believes to be
growing.
CHAPTER 2: DOMINANT APPROACHES AND IDEAS IN THE
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Symbolic Interaction has both “insider” and “outsider”. The insider’s criticism focus on the method and the central
concepts of symbolic interactionism. Outsider’s Criticism, on the other hand, highlights the structural bias in
symbolic interactionism.
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