A SEMINAR ON

CABKOMA CARBON
STRAND RODS
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 Introduction
▪ CABKOMA strand rod is “thermoplastic carbon fiber
composite”.
▪ CABKOMA rod structure:-
(i) Core- thermoplastic carbon fibre core
(ii) Outer layer- synthetic and inorganic fibre
(iii) Finishing- thermoplastic resin impregnation
▪ Design concept-local technique of rope braiding
▪ CABKOMA- Recreation of rope-like rod that embodies
strong and flexible properties
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INTRO (cont…….)
▪ Its attractive features are:
(i) Tensile strength is high, lightest seismic reinforcement available.
(ii) Delicate but strong structural body
(iii) Superb aesthetic quality that achieves lightness
▪ A carbon strand rod made of carbon fibres
▪ Carbon fibres 5–10 micrometers in diameter, composed of
carbon atoms.
▪ The carbon atoms bonded mutually in microscopic crystals ,
aligned parallel to the long axis of the fiber.
▪ Carbon fibers properties:- high stiffness, high tensile strength,
low weight, high chemical resistance, high-temperature
tolerance and low thermal expansion
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 Literature Review
AUTHOR TOPIC ABSTRACT

Chenggao Li, “Tension-tension fatigue performance In this paper, the tension-tension

Guijun Xian, of a large-diameter pultruded fatigue performances of the hybrid
Hui Li carbon/glass hybrid rod” rod were studied with three stress
levels (41.7%, 33.4% and 25.0%) and
a fixed stress ratio of 0.4.

M. A. A. Moh Fibre-volume-fraction measurement of This paper reports a range of macro

sin, L. Iann ucci, carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic TGA measurements of the
E.S. composites using thermo gravimetric constituent materials of two NCF
Greenhalgh analysis CFRTPs to bring in standardised
method to check FEF

Kimiyoshi Naito Tensile properties of novel This paper presentsThe tensile

, Hiroyuki carbon/glass hybrid thermoplastic properties and fracture behavior of
Oguma composite the hybrid rods. The tensile modulus
rods and strength increased with
increasing carbon fiber volume
fraction.
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 Carbon Fibre
▪ A carbon fibre long, thin strand of material about 0.005-0.010 mm)in
diameter, composed mostly of carbon atoms
▪ Crystal alignment makes fibre incredibly strong for its size
▪ Carbon fibre classification based on tensile modulus
▪ Carbon fibers are classified their tensile modulus, includes- "standard
modulus," "intermediate modulus," "high modulus," and "ultrahigh
modulus.“
▪  Raw materials used are:
(i) 90% made from polyacrylonitrile
(ii)10% made from rayon or petroleum pitch
All of these are organic polymers, with long strings of molecules held by carbon
atoms. 6
CARBON FIBRE (cont……)
The operation sequence is as follows:
▪ Spinning
▪ Stabilizing
▪ Carbonizing
▪ Treating the surface
▪ Sizing
Organic plastic is spun into fibres, which are washed and are stretched.
Stabilization is done by heating these fibres in air to about 200-300°
C (390-590° F) for 30-120minutes.
Then carbonized.
For better bonding properties,  surface is slightly oxidized.
 After the surface treatment, these fibres are coated to protect them
from damage during winding or weaving. This process is termed 7 sizing.
 CABKOMA Carbon Strand Rods
▪ The Strand Rod is a carbon fibre composite
APPEARANCE-Interlocking web appearance, made of carbon fiber
noodles, seven coated tows bundled and twisted together to
form a single flexible rod, white in color.

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CABKOMA (cont…..)
▪ STRENGTH- Tensile strength of 5.83mm dia rod = 1.43
kN/mm2 , rods are considerably small in diameter, light in
weight. For example: a 160 meter coil of the rod weighs just
12 kg
▪ COMPARISON WITH STEEL-Strength of the carbon fiber = 10
times that of iron, 5 times lighter than steel i.e. Wt.of 5
CABKOMA rods = wt. of 1 steel rod

▪ . 9
CABKOMA (cont…..)
•Advantages
high tensile strength, aesthetically light material, delicate but strong
structural body

•Reinforcement Effect
The target values of reinforcement(for earthquake resistance):-
Exterior CF rods: Around 3%
brace bearing walls: Around 10%

•Structural design application

Resists shaking of upper floors, absorbs the horizontal forces by
transferring them to the ground

•Resisting earthquakes
During earthquake, buildings resonate until the tension causes the
building to collapse.
CABKOMA makes buildings flexible to seismic movements, when
applied in the structural foundation it raises the seismic sustainability.
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MATERIAL PROPERTIES
▪ Novel carbon/glass composite rods consists of a PAN-based carbon
fiber, an E-glass fiber, and a thermoplastic matrix
▪ Three types of the hybrid rods are 24K1P, 24K2P, and 24K3P (dissimilar
carbon/glass ratios)
▪ Material properties of these hybrid rods depend on carbon/glass ratio.
(i) CHARACTERIZATION-
The cross-sectional morphology and Thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA) tests of the hybrid rods states:
 The glass fibers in the hybrid rods are of a braid structure . The
structure has two sets of yarns running in opposite directions, where
the yarns in one direction are passing under and over the other. The
braids were observed to have a 2/2 twill weave. 11
MATERIAL PROP (cont….)
TGA estimated the weight fraction of the hybrid rods. The volume
fractions for the carbon fiber, VCF, glass fiber, VGF, matrix, VM, and
void, VV in each hybrid rods were calculated based on ASTM D2734 .
Image shows braided structure(Kimiyoshi Naito et. al 2017).

(ii) STATIC TEST-

The tensile modulus, E, is calculated using a least square method for
the straight-line section of the tensile stress-strain curve. The
average values for the tensile modulus, E, were found to be 65 GPa
for the 24K1P, 87 GPa for the 24K2P, and 91 GPa for the 24K3P,
respectively
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▪MATERIAL
  PROP (cont….)
The tensile modulus and strength increased with an increase in VCF.
However, the failure strain was approximately equivalent among the
hybrid rods
Typical stress strain graph
(Kimiyoshi Naito et. al 2017)

(iii)FATIGUE TEST-
▪ . Fatigue tests conducted using a servo-hydraulic testing machine at
a frequency of 10 Hz under cyclic loading with constant
amplitude(waveform sinusoidal), terminating after 1x cycles.
• The fatigue properties of 24K3P and 24K2P were 30–70% higher
than those of 24K1P (Nf= -cycles). The results confirm that the
fatigue properties in terms of maximum stress increases with the
volume fraction of the carbon fiber 13
MATERIAL PROP (cont….)
▪ The fatigue strength at 107 cycles, σw, for all-hybrid rods was less
than 30% of ultimate breaking stress. The fatigue performance of the
hybrid rods was significantly lower than that of conventional carbon
fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites and steel rods
(iv)TENSILE MODULUS AND STRENGTH
▪ The tensile modulus, E, for the hybrid rods is approximately 81 GPa,
the tensile strength, σult, for the hybrid rods is approximately 1.69
GPa,
▪ Tensile modulus of CF fibre, steel and aluminium alloy(Kimiyoshi Naito
et. al 2017).

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CABKOMA STRAND RODS AS
SEISMIC REINFORCEMENT
▪ The fibers contribute strong tensile strength while matrixes
contribute compressive strength; together they are stronger than
each material is individually.
▪ The Fa-bo building exploits these qualities by adding high-strength
carbon fiber composite strands on the exterior along with a diagonal
grid of tensioned fiber “partition brace bearing” walls i.e. uses both
internal cross-bracing and exterior-draped fibers to achieve the
stabilization needed.

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CABKOMA Strand Rods (cont….)
▪ The internal cross-bracing reinforce the existing building frame.
▪ Without the internal brace-bearing walls, the exterior cable bracing
would cause the building’s structural frame to compress, risking
collapse or compression of the floors in the event of an earthquake.
▪ 10 percent reinforcement for the structure obtained using CF rod
partition brace-bearing walls—and additional 3-percent
reinforcement by using the exterior CF rods.
▪ Tensile strength applied to the rod in the event of an earthquake in
direction of X and direction Y(Source: komatsumatere, 2018)

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 CASE STUDY: KOMATSU SEITEN
FABRIC LABORATORY, JAPAN (FABO
LAB)
▪ In Nomi city, Japan, architect Kengo Kuma  has renovated an
office building recognized as the world’s first earthquake
resistant building strengthened by carbon fiber. 
▪ the building called ‘Fabo’ serves as workspace, exhibition and
research facility for Japanese fabric manufacturer Komatsu
Seiren.
▪  From afar, these carbon fiber rods gently wrap around the
building almost like a see-through cloak. 
▪ Using computer technology, the positioning of each of these
rods were fully calculated in prior to its fabrication to respond to
the horizontal seismic force and motion from north to south,
and east to west.
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CASE STUDY(cont……)
CABKOMA strand rod has also been used in 2017 for seismic
reinforcement in preservation and repair project of important
cultural asset the KYOZO Sutra Temple in Nagano city

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 Conclusion
▪ Carbon fiber” is 10times stronger and 75% lighter than iron.
▪ Tensile strength is high, while it is the lightest seismic
reinforcement in the world
The benefits of carbon fiber and its composites include:
Carbon fibers have several advantages including high stiffness,
high tensile strength, low weight, high chemical resistance,
high-temperature tolerance and low thermal expansion
Excellent strength to weight ratio, compared to other
materials.
Works well with other materials (fiber, plastics, metals, wood,
concrete). 20
 REFERENCES
1. Kimiyoshi Naito, Hiroyuki Oguma, (2017), “Tensile Properties Of Novel
Carbon/Glass Hybrid Thermoplastic Composite Rods Under Static And Fatigue
Loading”, ISSN 1517-7076
2. Kimiyoshi Naito, Chiemi Nagai, and Yoshihisa Tanaka,(2019), “Transverse
Compressive Properties of Carbon/Glass Hybrid Thermoplastic Composite Rods”
, Journal of Physical Science and Application 9 (1) (2019) 25-3
3. M.A.A.Mohsil, L.Iannucci, E. S. Greenhalgh(2018), “Fibre-Volume-Fraction
Measurement of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites Using
Thermo gravimetric Analysis”,
4. Dirk Heider, John W. Gillespie, Jr. Bazle Z., Gama Haque John J. Tierney,
Shridhar Yarlagadda(2017), “Thermoplastic Carbon Fiber Reinforced Body-In-
White Structures For Vehicle Crash Application”, Paper no-17-0374
5. Akonda MH, Stefanova M, Potluri P, Shah DU (2017), “Mechanical Properties
Of Recycled Carbon Fibre/PET Thermoplastic Tape Composites” Journal of
Composite Materials.  21
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