Week 2 Calculus w/

Analytic Geometry

PAUL JOHN B. PANGANIBAN, LPT, MST (CAR)

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE

 Evaluating Limits

"Evaluating" means to find the value of (think e-"value"-ating)

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Other Strategies for Evaluating Limits

⮚ On the previous week, we studied evaluating limits of functions applying

the limit theorems and direct substitution.

⮚ In this section, we will evaluate limits of functions whose limit by direct

substitution is an indeterminate form 0/0 using the analytical method of

factoring and rationalizing.

⮚ These techniques involve simplifying the given rational expression using

factoring the numerator or denominator and rationalizing the numerator

or denominator of the fractional expression.

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Factoring Method
Illustrations 1

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Illustrations 2

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Illustrations 3

Solution: First, due to the zero produced in the denominator, the substitution rule
cannot be used. Since the numerator becomes zero as well, we try to factor and
cancel:

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 

Submit your work in the Google classroom folder name Activity 1

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Rationalization Technique to Find Limits

Some limits cannot be evaluated directly by substitution and no factors

immediately cancel.

In these situations there is another algebraic technique to try called

rationalization. With rationalization, you make the numerator and the
denominator of an expression rational by using the properties of conjugate
pairs.
How do you evaluate the following limit using rationalization?

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Using Rationalization to Find Limits

Rationalization generally means to multiply a rational function by a clever form of

one in order to eliminate radical symbols or imaginary numbers in the
denominator. Rationalization is also a technique used to evaluate limits in order to
avoid having a zero in the denominator when you substitute.

To do this, you will use the properties of conjugates.

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Paul John B. Panganiban,
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
The rationalizing technique works because when you algebraically
manipulate the expression in the limit to an equivalent expression, the
resulting limit will be the same.

Sometimes you must do a variety of different algebraic manipulations in

order avoid a zero in the denominator when using the substitution
method.

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Paul John B. Panganiban,
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Paul John B. Panganiban,
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Paul John B. Panganiban,
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Paul John B. Panganiban,
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 

Submit your work in the Google classroom folder name Activity 2

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 One-Sided Limits
In this section we explore the concepts by introducing the one-sided
limit. We begin with formal definitions that are very similar to the
definition of the limit given previously, but the notation is slightly
different and "x≠c'' is replaced with either "x<c'' or "x>c.''

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
When evaluating a left-hand limit, we consider only values of x "to the
left of c,'' i.e., where x<c. The notation x → c− is used to imply that we
look at values of x to the left of c. The notation has nothing to do with
positive or negative values of either x or c.

A similar statement holds for evaluating right-hand limits; there we

consider only values of x to the right of c, i.e., x>c. We can use the
theorems from previous sections to help us evaluate these limits; we
just restrict our view to one side of c.

We practice evaluating left and right-hand limits through a series of examples.

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Example 1. Evaluating one sided limit

Evaluate the following limits, if it exists:

 

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Example 2. Evaluating one sided limit
Evaluate the following limits, if it exists:
 

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Paul John B. Panganiban,
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 

Submit your work in the Google classroom folder name Activity 3

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Infinite Limits
We define three types of infinite limits.
Definitions: infinite limits

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Paul John B. Panganiban,
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
Example 1. Recognizing Infinite limit

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Paul John B. Panganiban,
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Paul John B. Panganiban,
CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 

Submit your work in the Google classroom folder name Activity 4

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
Infinite Limits from Positive Integers

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 Vertical Asymptotes

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
Example 1: Finding a Vertical Asymptote

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
 

Submit your work in the Google classroom folder name Activity 5

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
Week 2 Assignment

Please refer to the book. Provide a complete solution.

Page 25 Part I. # 1
Part II. # 1

Page 33 Part I. # 1,2, & 3

Page 39 # 3 (a & b)

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)
References:

https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-precalculus-concepts/section/14.5/

https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Monroe_Community_College/MTH_21
0_Calculus_I/Chapter_2_Limits/2.4%3A_Infinite_Limits

Paul John B. Panganiban,

CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE LPT, MST –Math (CAR)