HISTORY OF

MATHEMATICS
LESSONS:
 PRE HISTORICAL  INDIAN
MATHEMATICS  ISLAMIC
 SUMMERIAN/BABYL  MEDIEVAL
ONIAN EUROPEAN
 EGYPTIAN  16TH CENTURY
 GREEK  17TH CENTURY
 HALLENISTIC  18TH CENTURY
 ROMAN  19 CENTURY
 MAYAN  20TH CENTURY
 CHINESE
Medieval European
✘ Approximately from 5th to 15th Centuries.

✘ The early Middle Ages or Dark Ages (400AD-

1400AD)

✘ Period of Stagnation

✘ The late Middle Ages (just before Renaissance)

✘ Spreading the knowledge from the East

CONTRIBUTION OF
MEDIEVAL
EUROPEAN IN
MATHEMATICS
From 5th Century to 15 Century
MEDIEVAL PERIOD IN EUROPE
From the 4th to 12th Centuries, European knowledge and
study of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music was
limited mainly to Boethius’ translations of some of the works
of ancient Greek masters such as Nicomachus and Euclid. All
trade and calculation was made using the clumsy and
inefficient Roman numeral system, and with an abacus based
on Greek and Roman models.
This is calculating tool which has
been used since ancient times. It
was used in the ancient Near East,
Europe, China, and Russia,
centuries before the adoption of the
Arabic numeral system.
 By the 12th Century, though, Europe, and particularly Italy, was
beginning to trade with the East, and Eastern knowledge gradually
began to spread to the West. Robert of Chester translated Al-
Khwarizmi‘s important book on algebra into Latin in the 12th Century,
and the complete text of Euclid‘s “Elements” was translated in various
versions by Adelard of Bath, Herman of Carinthia and Gerard of
Cremona. The great expansion of trade and commerce in general
created a growing practical need for mathematics, and arithmetic
entered much more into the lives of common people and was no longer
limited to the academic realm.
FIBONACCI
 Leonardo Pisano
 First Great Medieval mathematician from
Italy.
 Fibonacci Sequences of numbers.
 Known by Spreading the use of Hindi-
Arabic number system in early 13th
century.
 “Liber Abaci” (“Book of Calculation”)
 FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
A series of number in which the next number is
calculated by adding the previous two numbers. It goes
0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55 and so on. The sequence start
with F1=1 in Leonardo Liber Abaci but it can also be
extended to zero and negative integers like F0= 0, F1=1,
F2=2, F3=3 and so on.
It has been known to Indian mathematicians since the
6th Century, has many interesting mathematical
properties, and many of the implications and
relationships of the sequence were not discovered until
several centuries after Fibonacci’s death. For instance, the
 FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
The growth of a hypothetical
population of rabbits based on
idealized assumptions. He noted
that, after each monthly
generation, the number of pairs of
rabbits increased from 1 to 2 to 3
to 5 to 8 to 13, etc, and identified
how the sequence progressed by
adding the previous two terms, a
sequence which could in theory
extend indefinitely.
 The Golden Ratio φ
In the 1750s, Robert Simson
noted that the ratio of each term in
the Fibonacci Sequence to the
previous term approaches, with
ever greater accuracy the higher the
terms, a ratio of approximately 1 :
1.6180339887 (it is actually an
irrational number equal to (1 +
√5)⁄2 which has since been
calculated to thousands of decimal
 Lattice Multiplication

The lattice method is an

alternative to long
multiplication for numbers.
In this approach, a lattice is
first constructed, sized to fit
the numbers being multiplied.
If we are multiplying an
-digit number by an -digit
number, the size of the lattice
is.
FRENCHMAN NICOLE
ORESME

✘ Largely known and underrated

mathematician.
✘ Used the rectangular coordinates century.
✘ First to used time-speed-distance graph.
✘ First to use Fraction exponent that works
on infinity series.
✘ First to prove that the harmonic series is
divergent infinite series. (not tending to
limit other than infinity)
✘ Rene Descartes popularize his idea.
Oresme was one of the first to use graphical analysis
REGIOMONTATU
S

✘ Johannes Muller
✘ German Scholar
✘ Most capable Mathematician of 15 century.
✘ Helped seperate Trigonometry from
Astronomy.
✘ He is the reason why trigonometry become
independent branches of mathematics.
✘ “De Triangulis” (First great book on
trigonometry to appear in print.)
Nicolaus Cusanus
✘ German philosopher, mathematician and
astronomer.
✘ whose prescient ideas on the infinite and the
infinitesimal directly influenced later
mathematicians like Gottfried Leibniz and Georg
Cantor.
✘ He also held some distinctly non-standard
intuitive ideas about the universe and the Earth’s
position in it, and about the elliptical orbits of
the planets and relative motion, which
foreshadowed the later discoveries of
THANK
S!