UNIT 3

ARTS OF THE NEO-

CLASSIC AND
ROMANTIC PERIODS
NEOCLASSICAL PAINTING
 Neo-classical artists embraced the ideals of
order and moderation in which artistic
interpretations of classic Greek and Roman
history were restored to realistic portrayals.
 Neo-classical painters gave importance in
costumes, settings and details of classical
subject-matter without adding distracting
details but with historical accuracy as possible.
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
(1748 – 1825) FRANCE
 He is an influencial
French painter and
considered to be the
pre-eminent painter of
the era.
 His subjects of
paintings are more on
history.
FAMOUS ARTWORKS
 The Death of
Marat – David’s
masterpiece shows
the portrayal of a
revolutionary
martyr. This is a
painting of the
murdered French
revolutionary leader
Jean Paul Marat.
 Napoleon Crossing
the Alps – the
painting that showed
a strongly idealized
view of the real
crossing that
Napoleon and his
army made across the
Alps through the
Great St. Bernard
Pass in May 1800
 Oath of the Horatii – It was a large painting
that depicts a scene from a Roman legend
about the dispute between Rome and Alba
Longa. The three brothers, all of whom
appear willing to sacrifice their lives for the
good of Rome, are shown saluting their
father who holds their swords out for them.
 Oath of the Horatii
JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
(1780 – 1867) FRANCE
 Ingres was a pupil of Jacques-Louis David. He
was influenced by Italian Renaissance painters
like Raphael, Nicolas Pousin, Botticelli, and his
mentor, Jacques-Louis David.
 His paintings were usually nudes, portraits, and
mythological themes.
 He was one of the great exemplars of academic
art and one of the finest Old Masters of his era.
JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
FAMOUS ARTWORKS
 Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne
– The painting depicts Napoleon in his
decadent coronation costume, seated on his
golden-encrusted throne, hand resting upon
smooth ivory balls. During his reign, the
painting was owned by the Corps Legislatif
which was part of the French Legislature. The
painting was believed to be commissioned by
Napoleon as King of Italy.
PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON ON THE IMPERIAL THRONE
 The Apotheosis of Homer – The painting was
a state – commission by Charles X to have him
remembered in the building works of the
Louvre. The painting depicts an image of
Homer, receiving to brilliant men of Rome,
Greece, and contemporary times.
THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER
NEO-CLASSICAL SCULPTURES
 The neo-classical period was one of the great
ages of public sculpture. Artists looked to
Roman styles during the time of Alexander
the Great for inspiration as well as to mimic
their style.
ANTONIO CANOVA
(1757 -1822) ITALY

 He was a prolific Italian sculptor who became

famous for his marble sculptures that delicately
rendered nude flesh.
 He opened the idea for portraying discrete
sexual pleasures by using pure contours with his
mythological compositions.
ANTONIO CANOVA
FAMOUS ARTWORKS
 Psyche Awakened
by Cupid’s Kiss – a
marble sculpture
portraying the
relationship of
Psyche and Cupid
 Washington – This is
a marble sculpture of
Washington currently
displayed at North
Carolina Museum of
History.
BERTEL THORVALDSEN
(1789 – 1838) DENMARK

 Thorvaldsen was the

first internationally
acclaimed Danish artist.
 He executed sculptures
of myhtological
characters.
FAMOUS ARTWORKS
 Christ – a marble
sculpture image of
resurrected Christ
currently located
at the Thorvaldsen
Museum
 Lion Lucerne – A sculpture of a dying lion in
Lucerne, Switzerland that commemorates the
Swiss Guards who were massacred in 1792
during the French Revolution.
NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
 is a style that started in the mid-18 th century. It
turns away from the grandeur of Rococo style
and the Late Baroque.
 In its purest form, neo-classical architecture is a
style principally derived from the architecture of
Classical Greece and Rome and the architecture
of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.
TYPES OF NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

1. Temple Style
Temple style building features a design based on
an ancient temple. These building were
uncommon during the Renaissance; architects of
that period focused mainly on applying classical
elements to churches and modern building like
palazzoz and villas.
Many temple style building feature a peristyle (a
continuous line of columns around a building, a
rare feature of Renaissance architecture.
MOST FAMOUS TEMPLE STYLE BUILDINGS
OF THE NEO-CLASSICAL AGE
 PANTHALEON (PARIS) by Jacques
 BRITISH MUSEUM (LONDON) by Robert
Smirke
 LA MADELEINE DE PARIS, by Pierre-
Alexandre Vignon
2. Palladian
Palladian building is based on Andrea
Palladio’s style of villa construction. Some of
the buildings feature a balustrade which is a
railing with vertical supports along the edge of
the roof. There are vertical supports within a
balustrade known as “balusters” or “spindles”.
It is also a classical method of crowning a
building that has a flat or low lying roof.
ROBERT ADAM (1728 – 1792), BRITAIN
 He is the most
famous Palladian
architect of the
Neoclassical who
designed many
fine country
houses.
MOST FAMOUS OF ALL PALLADIAN BUILDINGS

1. White House
2. United States Capitol
3. Classical Block
The building features a rectangular or square
plan, with a flat or roof and an exterior rich in
classical detail. The exterior features a repeated
classical pattern or series of arches and/or
columns. The over-all impression of such a
building is a huge, classically-decorated
rectangular block.
ARCHITECTS:
 Henri Labrouste – his masterpice is the Library of
Sainte-Genevieve.
 Charles Garnier – designed the most famous classical
block of all which the Palais Garnier, a Neo-baroque
opera house.
LIBRARY OF SAINTE - GENEVIEVE
PALAIS GARNIER “PARIS OPERA HOUSE”
ROMANTICISM (1800S -1810S)

Romanticism was a movement in which

the artists of Neoclassical period sought to
break new ground in the expression of
emotion, both subtle and stormy. It
embraced a number of distinctive themes,
such as longing for history, supernatural
elements, social injustices, and nature.
CHARACTERISTICS
 Height of action
 Emotional extremes
 Celebrated nature as out of control
 Dramatic compositions
 Heightened sensation (life and death moments)
ROMANTIC PAINTING (PORTRAITS/FIGURES)

The paintings of the Romantic period gave

more emphasis on emotion. Artists expressed as
much feeling and passion as it could be on a
canvass.
PAINTERS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD
 JEAN LOUIS THEODORE
GERICAULT (1791-1824)
- He was the first French
master and the leader of the
French realistic school.
- His masterpieces were
energetic, powerful, brilliantly
colored, and tightly composed.
PAINTERS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD
 EUGENE DELACROIX (1798
– 1863)
- He was considered the greatest
French Romantic painter of all.
- He achieved brilliant visual
effects using small, adjacent strokes
of contrasting color. His technique
was adapted and extended by the
Impressionist artists.
PAINTERS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD
 FRANCISCO GOYA (1746 –
1828)
- He was a commissioned
Romantic painter by the King of
Spain.
- He was a printmaker
regarded both as the last of the
“Old Masters” and the first of
the “Moderns”.
ROMANTIC PAINTING (LANDSCAPE)

Landscape painting depicts the physical world

that surrounds us and includes features such as
mountains, valleys, vegetation and bodies of water.
The sky is another important element shaping
the mood of landscape paintings.
Landscape art ranges from highly detailed and
realistic to impressionistic, romantic, and idealized.
FAMOUS LANDSCAPE ARTISTS DURING THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

1. Theodore Rousseau
2. Jean-Baptiste-Camille-Corot

They were members of the Barbizon School that led the

Romantic landscape painting in France
THE CHURCH OF MARISSEL (J. COROT)
LE REPOS SOUS LES SAULES (J. COROT)
DER KLEINE FISCHER (T. ROISSEAU)
LANDSCAPE WITH A PLOWMAN (T. ROSSEAU)
ROMANTIC SCULPTURE

Romantic sculpture can be divided into works

that concern about the human world and that
concern the natural world.
FAMOUS ROMANTIC SCULPTOR
1. Francois Rude – was best known
for his social art which aim to
inspire and capture the interest
of a broad public. He rejected
the classical repose of the late
18th and early 19th century
French sculpture in favour of a
dynamic emotional style and
created many monuments that
stirred the public for generation.
DEPARTURE OF THE VOLUNTEERS
FAMOUS ROMANTIC SCULPTOR

2. Antoine-Louis Barye – He
was the most famous animal
sculptor of all time. He
studied the anatomy of his
subjects by sketching
residents of the Paris Zoo.
HERCULES SITTING ON A BULL
THESEUS SLAYING THE MINOTOUR
GOTHIC REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE (NEOGOTHIC)

It is also referred to as Victorian Gothic or Neo

Gothic – an architectural movement that began in
the late 1740s in England.
Many of Neogothic buildings feature castellation
in which the walls and towers are crenellated in
imitation of medieval castles.
Gothic revival became widely used for churches
and civic buildings throughout the West especially
in Britain and the United States.
Bricks and stones were both commonly used.
ARCHITECTS WHO USED NEOGOTHIC STYLE:
1. Charles Barry – was the name behind Britain’s
foremost Gothic Revival monument, the Westminster
Palace (a.k.a. the House of Parliament) in London
2. James Renwick – the St. Patrick’s Cathedral
(Manhattan,New York)
NEO-CLASSICISM AND ROMANTICISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

The ideology of Neoclassicism and

Romanticism can be seen through various major
artworks such as paintings, sculptures and
architectural structures. Some of the well-known
artists express their skills and ideas in their own
respective field of specialization.
FELIX RESURRECCION HIDALGO Y PADILLA
He was one of the great Filipino painters of
the late 19th century who was significant in the
Philippine history for inspiring members of the
Philippine reform movement.
BANK OF THE PASIG RIVER
JUAN LUNA Y NOVICIO
He was a painter and sculptor who
became one of the first recognized
Philippine Artists. He was also a political
activist of the Philippine Revolution during
the late 19th century.
One of the famous artwork was the
Spoliarium, a latin word referring to the
basement of the Roman Colosseum wherein
the fallen and dying gladiators were dumped
and devoid of their worldly possessions.
SPOLIARIUM
SENADO DE ESPAŇA
FERNANDO CUETO AMORSOLO
He was a National Artist in Painting. He was a
portraitist and painter of rural Philippine
landscapes, and he was popularly known for his
craftsmanship and mastery of the use of light.
PLANTING RICE
GUILLERMO ESTRELLA TOLENTINO

A Filipino sculptor who was

named National Artist for the
Visual Arts in 1973, and is hailed
as the “Father of Philippine Arts”.
 The Original Oblation at the 3 rd
floor of the Main Library of U.P.
Diliman
 Pambansang Bantayog ni Andres
Bonifacio
OBLATION
NAPOLEON ISABELO VELOSO ABUEVA

A National Artist for Sculpture.

He was entitled as the “Father of
Modern Philippine Sculpture”. He
has been the only Boholano to be
given the distinction of National
Artist of the Philippines in the
filed of Visual Arts.
 Siyam na Diwata ng Sining
CARABAO
BRIDGE OF LOVE