INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY

SHEILA MARIE OCONER, RN MAN

Nurses play an integral role in administering
medication to patients, and depending on
the environment in which they work, could
be doing so as often as needed. As a result,
it's imperative that nurses have a solid
understanding of pharmacology, and
potentially fatal drug interactions

The nurse's understanding of pharmacology

is important in her role of educating patients
about medications, dosages and possible
side effects. A nurse who is not
knowledgeable about pharmacology can put
patients at-risk.
TERMINOLOGIES

Pharmakon – greek word for

drugs
Logos - means study
Pharmacology - is a science that
deals with the study of drugs and
their actions on living organisms
Therapeutic methods -
are the approaches to drug therapy
Drug Therapy
1. Treatment with drugs
2. Treatment by diet (ex. Low salt)
3. Physiotherapy (Tx with natural or physical
forces such as light, water and heat)
4. Psychological therapy : identification of
stressors and methods to reduce stress/and or use
of drugs
DRUGS
droog (dutch) means dry
- are chemical substances that have an
effect on living organisms

Therapeutic drugs are often called

medicines, are those drugs used in the
prevention or treatment of diseases
SUBDIVISIONS OF PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacognosy - concerned with the

botanical sources of drugs

Pharmacy – body of techniques involved

in the preparation, compounding and
dispensing of drugs for medical use. Also
preservation and storage of drugs
Pharmacodynamics- is the study of action of
drugs in living tissues . It is concerned with
the response of the tissues to the chemical
agent used with the absorption to excretion
and fate of the chemical agent in the body

Pharmacotherapeutics – is the study of uses

of drugs in the treatment of the sick
Toxicology
is the study of the poisonous
effects that may be produced by
drugs. It deals with the
symptoms of poisoning, with the
treatment and identification of
poisons.
10 RIGHTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
1. Right Patient
2. Right Drug
3. Right Dose
4. Right Time
5. Right Route
6. Right Education
7. Right to Refuse
8. Right Assessment
9. Right Evaluation
10. Right Documentation
 Lec 3
Philippine Drug Laws
PHILIPPINE DRUG LAWS AND
AGENCIES
The regulation of food and drugs in the
Republic of the Philippines is enshrined
in the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
Statutory laws are also in place
providing legal basis for the creation of
a regulatory agency, the Bureau of Food
and Drugs, mandated to ensure the
safety, efficacy and good quality of all
food and drug products being made
available to the general public.
.
The most important of these laws are
 Republic Act (RA) 3720 "Foods, Drugs,
Medical Devices and Cosmetics Act“
 RA 6675 "Generics Act“
 RA 8203 "Act Prohibiting Counterfeit
Drugs", and
 RA 7394 "Consumers Act."
Regulation is achieved through inspection
and licensing of food and drug
establishments, registration and market
monitoring of products, approval of product
label prior to marketing, and approval and
monitoring of promotions and
advertisements.
International standards and guidelines
such as those recommended by the WHO,
USP or BP, FAO and Codex Alimentarius
are used as a basis in the formulation and
implementation of rules and regulations
governing the manufacture, importation,
exportation, distribution, or sale of food
and drugs
RA 6425 /Dangerous Drug Act of 1972
– the backbone of the Phil. Drug Law
Enforcement System

RA 9165/Comprehensive Dangerous
Drug Act of 2002 – more concrete
courses of action for the national anti-
drug campaign with heavier penalties
Dangerous Drug Board – is policy
making body which created the
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
(PDEA)

RA 3720 (Food and Drug Administration)

–ensuring the safety, efficacy, purity and
quality of all products
RA 9502- Cheaper and quality Medicines Act
RA 6675 – Generics act of 1988
RA 5921 – Pharmacy Law
RA 3720 – Food, Drug, And Cosmetics Act
RA 7394- Consumer Act
RA 7581- Price Act
RA 8172 – Asin Law
EO 51 – Milk Code
RA 8203 – Counterfeit Law
RA 8976 – Food Fortification
RA 9211 – Tobacco Regulation Act
Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010″ (R.A. No. 9994)
RA 10754 – An Act Expanding The Benefits And
Priviledges of PWDs
E0 302- Philippine Pharmacopeia as Official book os
standards and reference for pharmaceutical
products and crude plant drugs in the
philippines
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

1. Prohibited Drugs
a. Opium and its active
components and derivatives
such as heroin and
morphine
b. Coco Leaf and its derivatives
such as cocaine, alpha and beta
eucaine
c. Hallucinogenic drugs like
mescaline, lysergic acid
diethylamide (LSD) and other
substances producing similar
effects
d. Indian hemp and its derivatives
e. All preparations made from any of
the forgoing
f. Drugs and chemical preparations,
whether natural or synthetic, with the
physiological effects of a narcotic or
hallucinogenic drugs
2. Regulated Drugs
a. Self-inducing sedatives such
as secobarbital, phenobarbital,
pentobarbital, barbital,
amobarbital and other salt or a
derivative of a salt of
barbituric acid
b. Any salt of an isomer of amphetamine such as
benzedrine or dexedrine
c. Any drug which produces a physiological action
similar to amphetamine
d. Hypnotic drugs like methaqualone, nitrazepham
or any other compound producing similar
physiological effects
"Orphan drugs" are medicinal products
intended for diagnosis, prevention or
treatment of life-threatening or very
serious diseases or disorders that are
rare.

These drugs are called “orphan”

because under normal market conditions
the pharmaceutical industry has little
interest in developing and marketing
products intended for only a small
number of patients.

Company can set whatever price it wants.

Companies say that the high prices are needed to
recover the cost of research and development,
which can be 20 to 30 years for a new drug
Generic drugs are copies of brand-name drugs
that have exactly the same dosage, intended
use, effects, side effects, route of administration,
risks, safety, and strength as the original drug. In
other words, their pharmacological effects are
exactly the same as those of their brand-name
counterparts.
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines
sold directly to a consumer without a
requirement for a prescription from a
healthcare professional, as opposed to
prescription drugs, which may be supplied
only to consumers possessing a valid
prescription.