18AE07 – ENGINE

COMPONENT DESOGN
DESIGN OF V-TYPE ENGINE
CRANKSHAFT
BY
MANOJPRABAKARAN K
20MS06

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Introduction
Crankshaft is driven by crank mechanism
which translates reciprocating linear motion into
rotating motion
The connecting rod big end is attached in
crankshaft for translating rotating motion
The crankshafts consists of crank web, crank
pin, main journals and it usually attached to
flywheel

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Cont.,
The crankshaft is a most complicated and strained engine part subjected
to cyclic loads due to gas pressure, inertial forces and their couples
The effect of these forces and their moments cause considerable
stresses of torsion, bending and tension-compression in the crankshaft
material
The crankshaft material has to feature high strength and toughness, high
resistance to wear and fatigue stresses, resistance to impact loads, and
hardness

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Assumptions
a crank (or two cranks) are freely supported by supports
the supports and force points are in the center planes of the crankpins
and journals
the entire span (one or two) between the supports represents an ideally
rigid beam.
The crankshaft is generally designed for the nominal operation (n = n)

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Forces and moments
Kp,th = force acting on crankshaft throw by crank
KR = centrifugal inertial force of rotating masses
Pcw =centrifugal inertial force of the
counterweight located on the web extension
T = tangential force acting perpendicularly with
the crank plane
M m.j,i = accumulated torque transmitted to the
design throw from the crankshaft nose
Mtc = torque produced by the tangential force

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Cont.,
The value of unit area pressure on the working surface of a crankpin or a
main journal determines the conditions under which the bearing operates
and its service life in the long run
The design of crankshaft journals and crankpins is made on the basis of
the action of average and maximum resultants of all forces loading the
crankpins and journals
The mean unit area pressure on the crankpin
K c.p.m = R c.p.m /(dc.p l’ c.p)

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Cont.,
On the main journal
Km.j.m = Rm.j.m / (dm.j l’m.j)
Km.j.m = Rcwm.j.m / (dm.j l’m.j)

The value of the mean unit area pressure attains the following values
Carburetor engines - 4-12 Mpa, Diesel engines - 6-16 MPa

The values of maximum unit area pressures on crankpins and journals

for vee-type carburetor engines 18-28 Mpa

 
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Design of main journal
The maximum and minimum tangential stresses of the journal
alternating cycle are

Where

With Ʈ max and Ʈ min the safety factor of the main journal bearing are
calculated

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Design of crankpins
The twisting moment acting on the crankpin is
for one-span crankshaft

for two-span crankshaft

The extremum of the cycle against stresses are

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Cont.,
The bending moment acting on the crankpin in a plane perpendicular to
the crank plane
MT = T’ l/2
The bending moment acting on the crankpin in the crank plane

The total bending moment are

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Cont.,
Since the most severe stresses in
a crankpin occur at the lip of oil
hole, the general practice is to
determine the bending moment.
acting in the oil hole axis plane

Bending moment of crankpin are

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Cont.,

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Design of crankweb
The crankshaft webs are loaded by complex alternating stresses
tangential due to torsion and normal due to bending and push-pull.
Maximum stresses occur where the crankpin fillet joins a crankweb
Tangential torsion stresses are caused by a twisting moment

 The maximum and minimum tangential stresses

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 Example problem

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Cont.,

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 Thank you

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PSG COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY