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Mendel and His Peas
Mendel and His Peas
from parents to
offspring?
Mendel and His Peas
• heredity
• genetics
• dominant trait
• recessive trait
Early Ideas About Heredity
• Heredity is the passing of traits from
parents to offspring.
• Gregor Mendel is known as the father
of genetics—the study of how traits
are passed from parents to offspring.
Mendel’s Experimental Methods
• Mendel studied genetics by doing
controlled breeding experiments with
pea plants.
• There are two types of pollination:
• self-pollination
• cross-pollination
Self-Pollination
Mendel’s Experimental Methods (cont.)
• When a true-breeding plant self-
pollinates, it always produces offspring
with traits that match the parent.
• Mendel cross-pollinated pea plants
himself and recorded the traits that
appeared.
Cross-Pollination
Mendel’s Experimental Methods (cont.)
hybrid
Science Use the offspring of two
animals or plants with different forms of
the same trait
Common Use having two types of
components that perform the same
function, such as a vehicle powered by
both a gas engine and an electric motor
Mendel’s Results (cont.)
• Mendel also cross-pollinated hybrid
plants.
• He observed that offspring of hybrid
crosses always showed traits in a 3:1
ratio.
Second-Generation (Hybrid) Crosses
Mendel’s Results (cont.)
Mendel recorded traits
of offspring from many
hybrid crosses.
Mendel’s Conclusions
Mendel concluded that two factors, one
from each sperm and one from each
egg, control each inherited trait.