ADVERB

M O N I CA N A U L I C .

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I K H LA S FE BRYA N TO

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 ADVERB

a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an

adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word
group, expressing a relation of place, time,
circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.
 There are three types of adverbs
at the word level :

WORD – LEVEL - Simple adverbs

ADVERBS - Compound adverbs
- Derived adverbs
 SIMPLE ADVERBS
are uncompounded words
whose primary meaning is
adverbial

COMPOUND ADVERBS
are made up of two or more
freestanding words

In fact, if we were to look

at a list of the one thousand
DERIVED ADVERBS
most common adverbs, we would
are other parts of speech
see that 95 percent of them
that have been changed
are -ly adverbs.
into adverb by an ending
(usually – ly)
 Adjective Adverb

abrupt abruptly

firm firmly

honest honestly

Here are some examples : quick quickly

sad sadly

slow slowly

soft softly
 Even adjectives formed from the present participle and past
participle of verbs can be changed to adverbs by adding -ly. For
example:

PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST PARTICIPLE

Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb

amusing amusingly assured assuredly

frightening frighteningly disgusted disgustedly

interesting interestingly learned learnedly
laughing laughingly
marked markedly
pleasing pleasingly
reported reportedly
 fast We drove really fast.

fine It works fine.

hard He hit the ball hard.

high We flew high over the desert.

ADVERBS late We arrived late.

DERIVED FROM long Did you have to wait long?

ADJECTIVES loud Their voices sounded loud.

WITHOUT AN-LY sharp We turned sharp.

SUFFIX short She had her hair cut short.

slow Please drive slow.

soon Dawn came all too soon.

tight Their eyes were shut tight.

Only adverbs that modify verbs can be shifted forward to other positions in the
ADVERB PREPOSITIONAL
sentence. For example:
PHRASE
Single-word adverb Prepositional phrases consist
of prepositions followed by
Original: Luke met Emily recently.
noun-phrase objects.
Shifted: Recently Luke met Emily.

Shifted: Luke recently met Emily.

Adverb prepositional phrase ADVERB INFINITIVE PHRASE

An infinitive phrase consists
Original: Luke met Emily on the weekend.
of the infinitive form of the
Shifted: On the weekend Luke met Emily. verb together with that verbs
complements and/or modifiers
Adverb infinitive phrase

Original: Luke met Emily to find out what was going on at school.

Shifted: To find out what was going on at school, Luke met Emily. ADVERB CLAUSE
Clauses are grammatical
Adverb clause constructions that contain
Original: Luke saw Emily when he was on campus.
both a subject and a finite
verb.
Shifted: When he was on campus, Luke saw Emily.
 NATIONALITY

Spain X Spainly

Canada X Canadaly

French X Frenchly

DIMENSION
Here are some groups of big X bigly
adjectives that have no
fat X fatly
corresponding (-ly)
adverb forms : tall X tally

AGE

old X oldly

teenage X teenagely

young X youngly
 Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adverbs

Fundamentally different ways : by adding an -er and -est ending, or by

using the helping words more and most. For example :

- er/est

George finished faster than Frank

George finished the fastest of all the runners in his age-group.

- more/most

George moved more quickly than Frank

George finished the most quickly of all the runners in his age-group.
 Adverb Question Adverb Category

When : Adverb of time

Where : Adverb of place
Why : Adverb of reason
How : Adverb of manner

Adverbs Classified by Meaning

 Adverbs of Time (poin in time: when were you there?)
Word / Prepositional Phrase Clause
Expression
Tuesday On the third of April When John gave his talk

Yesterday At Christmastime Before we went on vacation

Just last week In August Just after the strike was settled

Adverbs of Place (position: where were you?)

Word / Prepositional Clause
Expression Phrase

Here At the office Where I could use my cell phone

Next door On the road Everywhere you could imagine
Outside In the kitchen Somewhere where it was quiet
 Adverbs of Reason
Word / Expression Prepositional Clause
Phrase
( None commonly From appropriate reasons Because they had to
used )
From necessity As it was part of their job

Out of a sense of duty Since their boss asked them

to do it

Adverbs of Manner
Word / Expression Prepositional Phrase Clause

Gracefully With time to spare As well as anyone could do it

Clumsily Without complaint As if their lives depended on it

Alone By good teamwork As though it were the most

important project in the world
THANK YO
U