L E S O F

N C IP
PRI E M E N T
A N A G
M du l la h Pa to li
By Ab
 FACTORS INFLUENCING
PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT

SOCIAL FACTORS

POLITICAL FACTORS

ECONOMIC FACTORS
EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVES
1)CLASSICAL PERSPECTIVE

2)HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

3)MANAGEMENT SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE

4)RECENT HISTORICAL TRENDS

 EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVES (Contd..)
CLASSICAL PERSPECTIVE
 SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT : Taylor coined the term ‘ scientific management’
 BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS : Weber introduced 6 principles::
 Legitimized authority and responsibility
 Hierarchy of authority
 Meritocracy on selection/promotion and training of staff
 Procedures , decisions made should be in writing
 Management is separate from ownership
 Managers r subject to rules and procedures which are impersonal and applicable to all.

 ADMIINSTRATIVE PRINCIPLES : Henry Fayol focused on how administration can be

improved.
 Introduced concepts like : Unity of command , Division of work, Unity of direction, Scalar Chain.
EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVES (Contd..)
EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVES (Contd..)
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
PERSPECTIVE
 Main impetus World War II , followed by the Great Depression)

OPERATIONS RESEARCH

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
 RECENT HISTORICAL TRENDS
CONTINGENCY VIEW

 An extention of the Humanistic view with the demand from managers to look for the contingencies such as technology,
industry, environment and international cultures.

 Discards Universalist View of Management.

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

 E.Demings is the father of Quality movement.

 Jananses embraced it and used it to rebuild their industries and get access to the world markets.
RECENT HISTORICAL TRENDS
(Contd..)

CONTINGENCY VIEW
 RECENT HISTORICAL TRENDS
(Contd..)

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)

Four significant elements of TQM are :

 Employee involvement
 Focus on the customer
 Benchmarking
 Continuous improvement
 CURRENT PRACTICES

LEARNING ORGANIZATION

TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN
WORKPLACE
 CURRENT PRACTICES (Contd..)
LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS

 The concepts demands organizations to be innovative, allowing individuals to be engaged in

problem solving, and continuously experimenting , improving and increasing its capability.

 The three characteristics of learning organizations are :

 Team based structure

 Open information
 Empowered employees
 CURRENT PRACTICES (Contd…)
 TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN WORKPLACE :

Focuses on E-business.
Intranet and Extranet are the key features.
Intranet : Internal communication systems that is accessible only within the company
Extranet : A company communications system that gives access to customers, suppliers, & outside
stakeholders.
E-Commerce strategies available :

B2C (Business to Consumer)

B2B (Business to Business)
C2C (Consumer to Consumer)