MINERAL

S
 Mineral
s
 Inorganic element needed by the body for
hte following functions:
 Build tissues
 Regulate body fluids
 Assist in body functions
 Help form body structures

 Remains as ash when food is burned

 Classification of
• Minerals
Major minerals
- required in amounts greater
than 100mg a day
- sometimes called
“macrominerals”

• Trace minerals
- required in the diet in amounts
lesser than 100mg a day
- sometimes called “microminerals”
• Ions – electrically charged atoms resulting
from chemical reaction
anions –negatively charged
cations – positively charged

• Mineral salts dissolve in water -> break

into separate ions -> electrolytes
 MAJOR
NAME
MINERALS
FOOD SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIEN
CY/
TOXICITY
Calcium (Ca2+) Milk, cheese, Development of Osteoporosis
sardines, salmon, bones and teeth
some dark green Osteomalacia
leafy vegetables Transmission of
nerve impulses Rickets

Blood clotting Tetany

Normal heart action Retarded growth

Normal muscle Poor tooth and

activity bone formation
Osteoporosis - means “porous bones”
- characterized by low bone density or mass
(reduced amount of bone tissue) and fragile
bones
 Rickets - softening of bones in children potentially leading
to fractures and deformity

Osteomalacia - bones lose calcium and become softer and

may deform
Tetany - involuntary contraction of
muscles
 NAM FOOD FUNCTION DEFICIENC
E SOURCES S Y/
Phosphorus Milk, cheese, lean Development of TOXICITY
Poor tooth and
(P) meat, poultry, fish, bones and bone
whole-grain cereals, teeth formation
legumes, nuts Maintains normal Weaknes
pH of the blood s
Anorexia
Constituent of
all body cells General
malaise
CHO, CHON and
fat metabolism
 NAM FOOD FUNCTION DEFICIENCY/
E
Potassium SOURCES
Oranges, S
bananas, Contraction TOXICITY
Deficiency:
(K+) dried fruits, of muscles hypokalemi
vegetables, a muscle
legumes, milk, Maintenance of weaknes
cereals, meat fluid balance s confusion
abnormal
Transmission of heartb
nerve eat
impulses Toxicity:
Regular hyperkalemi
heart a potentially
rhythm life-
Cell threatening
metabolism irregular
heartbeats
 NAM FOOD FUNCTION DEFICIENC
E SOURCES S Y/
Sodiu Table salt, beef, eggs, Maintenance of fluid TOXICITY
Deficiency:
m poultry, milk, balance nausea
(Na+) cheese, Soy sauce, exhaustion
Transmission of nerve muscle
moderate amounts impulses cramps
in breads and Toxicity:
vegetables, Acid-base hypertensio
balance n edema
large amounts Muscle
in processed contraction
foods
edem
a
 NAM FOOD FUNCTION DEFICIENC
E SOURCES S Y/
Chloride Table salt, eggs, Gastric TOXICITY
Imbalance in
(Cl-) seafood, milk acidity gastric acidity
Regulates acid-
base balance in Imbalance in
the body blood pH
Maintains fluid
and electrolyte Nause
balance a
Formation of Exhaustion
hydrochloric
acid
 NAM FOOD FUNCTION DEFICIENC
E SOURCES S Y/
Magnesium (Mg2+) Green, leafy Nerve TOXICITY
Normally unknown
vegetables transmission
Whole grains, Synthesis of Mental, emotional
avocados, ATP and muscle
nuts, milk, Activation of disorders
legumes, metabolic
bananas, nuts, enzymes
seafood, chocolate, Muscle
cocoa activity
Constituent of
bones, muscles,
and RBCs
 Trace
NAME Minerals
FOOD SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIENCY/ TOXICITY
Iron (Fe+) Muscle meat Transports oxygen Deficiency:
Poultry and CO2 iron deficiency
Shellfish anemia
Liver Hemoglobin
Legumes formation
Dried fruits
Whole grain or Component of cellular
enriches breads and enzymes essential for
cereals energy production
Dark green and
leafy vegetables
Molasses
Symptoms:
• Weakness/
Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Loss of weight
• Pallor
• Coldness of
hands and feet
 NAME FOOD SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIEN
CY/
TOXICITY
Iodine (I-) Iodized Regulation of Goiter
salt basal metabolic
seafood rate Cretinism

Myxedem

Cretinis Myxedema Goite

m r
 NAME FOOD SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIEN
CY/
TOXICITY
Zinc (Zn+) Seafood, esp. oysters Formation Dwarfis
Liver of collagen m
Egg Anemia
s Wound Loss of appetite
Milk healing Skin changes
Wheat Impaired
bran Taste acuity wound healing
legumes Decreased taste
Essential for acuity

growth
Immune reactions
dwarfism
Skin
lesions
 NAM FOOD FUNCTION DEFICIENCY/
E SOURC S TOXICITY
Fluorid ES
Fluoridate Increases resistance to Deficiency:
e (F-) d water tooth decay Tooth decay
Possibly
Seafood Component of bones osteoporosis
and teeth
Toxicity:
Fluorosis
- discoloration of
teeth or
mottling
Tooth
decay

Fluorosi
s