Exp -5.

Nursery establishment for AFS

a. Collection and identification of seeds of Agroforesty trees

1. High Hills: Dhupi, Bhote sallo, Bhote pipal, Okher, Sallo
2. Mid Hills: Katus,
chilaune, uttish,
Kafal, Jamn
3 Terai : Sal, Sisoo, Bakaino,
Tick, Neem, Masala
 Draw the diagrams of seeds or fruits of the followings tree species available in Nepal

Scientific Name         Nepali Name Scientific Name         Nepali Name

Acacia catechu Khair Aesendra butyraceae Chiuri
Azadirachta indica Neem Alnus nepalensis Utis
Melia azedarach Bakaino Schima wallichi Chilaune
Saraca asoca Asoka Eucalyptus globulus Masala
Juniperus Indica Dhupi Elaeocarpus ganitrus Rudraksha
Sapindus mukorossi Rittha Delonix regia Gulmohar
Bombax ceiba Simal Dendrocalamu spps. Baans
Albizia procera Seto siris Choerospondias axillaris Lapsi
Cinnamomum camphora Kapur Cinnamomum tamala Dalchini/Tejpat
Tectona grandis Teak Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo
Shorea robusta Sal Terminalia elliptica Saaj
Castanopsis hystrix Patle katus Syzygium cumini Jamun
Rhododendron arboreum,  Laligurash Castanopsis indica Dhale katus
Leucaena leucocephala Epilepil Artocarpus heterophyllus Katahar
Tamahndus indica Emli Michelia champaca Champ
Abies pindrow Gobre salla Pterocarpus santalinus Raktachandan
 b. Preparation of nursery bed for Agroforestry tree
• Nursery is defined as an area where the seedlings are raised for eventual planting out.
• Nursery bed is defined as a prepared area in a nursery where seed is sown or into
which seedlings or cuttings are raised.
Site selection:
The selection of an appropriate nursery site is the most important decision affecting the
efficient production of good quality plants. Some of the technical factors which need to
be considered while setting a nursery.
1. Soil
2. Water source
3. Access road
4. Elevation
5. Labour
6. Aspect
7. Fance
 Materials Requires

1. Seeds
2. Sand, Compost, fertilizers
3. Tray
4. Plastic bags
5. Mulching materials
6. Tape
7. Pegs
 Preparation of nursery bed for Agroforestry tree
Nursery bed preparation:
Nursery beds can be arranged in different ways.

Potted seedlings can be raised on a flat bed, or can be set into a sunken bed, which
is a basin like excavation of about 1 m by 1 m and about 10 cm deep. Such a
structure holds seedlings together, and helps to conserve water in dry areas.

Raised beds are used for establishing bare-rooted seedlings; as the sides of the bed
can be broken down to reveal the roots of plants, ready for transplanting.
General size 1m width 10 cm height and 10 m length. Staking slats of wood or
bricks into the ground in a square or rectangle and then filling this structure with
soil (mixed with sand if possible) makes a raised bed. It is normal to germinate
small seeds such as e.g. blue gum (eucalyptus), or cypress in such seedbeds, to
allow them to germinate before transferring small seedlings to pots or planting them
directly.
 Types of Nursery Bed
1. Flat
2. Raised
3. Sunken
4. Pot
5. Tray
Note: Coco pit/ coir
dust media are
generally used
in pot or tray
SOIL AND ORGANIC MATERIAL PREPARATION
Generally potting mixture contents soil, compost (top soil) and sand in proportions
of 1:1:1. If the soil is hard clay, add compost and sand in proportions of 2:2:1
(soil:compost:sand).
Classification of Forest Nurseries:
• A. On the Basis of Area Size:
• i. Small Nursery: Nurseries with an area of less than 3 ha
• ii. Medium Nursery: Nurseries with an area of 3-10 ha
• iii. Large Nursery: Nurseries with an area of more than 10 ha
• B. On the Basis of Irrigation Facility:
i. Dry Nursery: maintained without any irrigation or other artificial watering.
ii. Wet Nursery: maintained by irrigation or other artificial watering during the dry periods.
C. On the Basis of Planting Stock:
i. Bare root Nursery: plants grow directly in the nursery soil and the roots are separated from the soil at the
time of lifting.
ii. Container Nursery: plants are grown with roots in a growing medium held in a container. Roots of lifted
plants are covered by the adhering growing medium.
D. On the Basis of Size of Seedlings:
i. Seedling Nursery: which has only seedling beds
ii. Transplant Nursery: which has only transplant beds, in which seedlings are transplanted for preparation
for forest planting, is called transplant nursery.
E. On the Basis of Ownership:
i. Institutional Nurseries: They are commonly established, operated and maintained by research
institutions, academic institutions, corporations and international organizations. They are
permanent in nature but may be larger, medium or small, based on purpose.
ii. Government Nurseries: They are established and operated by national or local government to
support reforestation and community tree planting programs. They are large and permanent
in nature.
iii. Industrial Nurseries: They are commonly established and operated by large integrated wood
based industries. Seedling production complies with rigid quality standards or specifications.
iv. Project Nurseries: They are established and managed by projects and non­governmental
organizations (NGOs) or development organizations to promote tree planting culture within
target communities.
v. Community Nurseries: They are established by communities to support tree planting
programes for social benefits.
vi. Group Nurseries: They are also established to build technical and leadership capacities of
group members and expand the number of species and quality of germplasm available to
group members.
vii. Individual Nurseries: They are also known as household nurseries or backyard nurseries and
are generally established and managed by individual farmer or household. The house
compound or farmland provides the planting sites. They are normally small in size.
 Polybag filling and seed sowing / seedling raising:
• Size of the poly bags depends on the plant species. Generally 4’’x 9 ‘’ poly bags are used for forestry
tree nursery. Depending on size 4-6 hole should be made.
• Potting mixture (soil, sand and compost/manure) should be moistened and loosely filled about 2 cm
below the top.
• Before planting seed, containers should be watered lightly and depending on the size of seeds about 2-
3 cm depth two seeds can be sow in a pot and then, if more than one germinate, one seedlings can be
removed
Pricking Out:
Process of transferring young and tender seedlings from
seedbeds into containers (pots) when the seedlings reach a
height of 2 cm. This is usually about two weeks after sowing.
 Seed rate calculation
• To calculate seed requirements a farmer should know the number and species of
trees needed, the size of the area to be planted and the desired spacing between
the trees and the germination rate of that species.
• For Eg. A farmer wants to plant Gliricida sepium (Legumentree) in 1,000m x
500m=500,000m2/
• That is, the spacing is to be 2m x 2m = 4 m2. G. sepium has 7,000 seeds per
kilogram. The seed the farmer wants to use has a 70 per cent germination rate.

• Seedlings needed = Area/Spacing = 500,000m2/4m2 = 125,000 Additional seeds

needed to make up for the 30% of seeds that will not germinate = 30% x 125,000 =
37,500 Total number of seeds needed = 125,000 + 37,500 = 162,500

• As there are 7,000 seeds of G. sepium per kilogram, or 162,500/7,000kg = 23.21kg.

Therefore, a total of 23.21 kg of seeds is required for the area to be planted.
 Water Requirements
Water requirements depends on soil types and moisture, content evaporation rate/ sun light,
age and species of the seedlings.
Exp-6
Tree-clinic for AFS.
• The tree clinic is offer a wide variety of service ranging from diagnosis and
treatment, pruning and removals and even landscape design and
installation.