CLASSIFICATION OF MOTORS

Electric Motors

Alternating Current (AC) Direct Current (DC)

Motors Motors

Synchronous Induction Separately Self Excited

Excited

Single-Phase Three-Phase Series Compound Shunt

 3-Φ
INDUCTION
MOTOR
• An induction motor works on
transforming action.
• Also known as rotating transformer
• The stator works as the primary while
the rotor works as the secondary.
• It is also called asynchronous motor.
• These motors are cheaper, rugged and
easy to maintain.
• It consists of two parts:

1. Stator - It is the stationary part of the

motor.

2. Rotor - It is the rotating part of the

motor.
STATOR
 Slots Tooth

Stator Stamping
SLOTS CORE

WINDINGS
• Stator has three main parts:

 Outer Frame – It is the outer body of the

of the motor.
It protects the inner part of the machine.
 Stator Core – Built up of high grade silicon
steel.
Carries the alternating magnetic field.
 Stator winding – Has a three phase
winding.
ROTOR
• There are two types of rotors which are
employed in 3 – phase induction motor.

 Squirrel Cage Rotor.

 Phase Wound/ Slip Ring Rotor.

SQUIRREL
CAGE
ROTOR
• It consists of a laminated cylindrical core
having semi closed circular slots at the outer
periphery.
• Copper or aluminum bar conductors are placed
in these slots and short circuited at each end by
copper or aluminum rings called short
circuiting rings.
• The rotor winding is permanently short
circuited and it is not possible to add any
external resistance.
• The rotor slots are not parallel to the shaft but
skewed to –

 Reduce humming .

Provide smoother torque for different positions

of rotor.

Reduce magnetic locking of stator and rotor.

PHASE
WOUND
ROTOR
• It is also called SLIP RING ROTOR

• Consists of a laminated core having semi closed slots at

the outer periphery and carries a 3-phase insulated
winding.

• The rotor is wound for the same number of poles as

that of stator.

• The three finish terminals are connected together

forming a star point and the three star terminals are
connected to three slip rings fixed on the shaft.
• Principle of Operation
 A rotating field is set up in the stator when a 3- Phase
supply is given.

 The stationary rotor cut the revolving field and due to

electromagnetic induction an e.m.f. is induced in the rotor
conductor.

 As the rotor conductor is short circuited current flows

through them.

 It becomes a current carrying conductor in magnetic field

and start rotating.
Slip
 Induction motor rotor always rotate at a speed less than
synchronous speed.
 The difference between the flux (Ns) and the rotor speed
(N) is called slip speed.
Ns  N
s
Ns
 Slip speed = Ns – N= s Ns
 Slip speed with respect to synchronous speed called
slip ,
 Rotor speed, N= (1-s) Ns
 Rotor current frequency, fr =s f. Where f= i/p supply
frequency.
 Concept Of Rotating Magnetic Field
 In stator the 3-Φ windings displaced in space by 120˚, are fed by three phase currents,
displaced in time by 120˚,they produce a resultant magnetic flux, which rotates in space.
1  m sin(t ) 0
 m=maximum value of flux due to
2  m sin(t  120) 120 any one of the phases
3  m sin(t  240) 240
The flux (assumed sinusoidal) due to three phase windings is shown in figure.

2

1

3

Phasor diagram
Resultant flux at any instant of time
r  1  2  3
3 3
 m (sin t  j cos t )  m (90  t )
2 2
i. When θ=0˚
3 3
1  0, 2   m , 3  m
2 2
3 60o 3
r  2  m cos  m
2 2 2

ii. When θ=60˚

3 3
1  m ,  2   m , 3  0,
2 2
3 60o 3
r  2  m cos  m
2 2 2
iii. When θ=120˚

3 3
1  m , 2  0, 3   m
2 2
3 60o 3
r  2  m cos  m
2 2 2

iv. When θ=180˚

3 3
21  0, 2  m , 3   m
2 2
3 60o 3
r  2  m cos  m
2 2 2
1. The resultant flux is of constant value= 1.5  m =1.5 times maximum value
of flux due to any phase

2. The resultant flux rotates around the stator at synchronous speed given by
120 f
Ns 
P