VIOLENCE

A GA I NS T
WO M EN A N D
C H IL D R E N
Daño, Enriquez, G
apasin, Jaranilla
BFSc-2A
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Violence Perpetrated by Persons
Trafficking in Women
01 and Young Girls
02 in Positions of Authority or by
the State

03 References 04 Remarks
01.
Trafficking in
Women and
Young Girls
Trafficking
According to the Palermo Protocol, trafficking means: “the recruitment, transportation,
transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other
forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a
position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving payments or benefits to achieve
the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of
exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the
prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services,
slavery or practices like slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.”

Trafficking of women is an international commercial activity in which force, coercion,

and fraud are used to transport women and children across international boundaries for
economic gain. As a complex organized criminal activity, human trafficking is
comparable to the trafficking of drugs and weapons, but it is more profitable and less
risky because many forms of the trade appear legitimate.
 TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND YOUNG
Facts GIRLS
Leaves Both Visible Risk Factors for
and Invisible Scars Vulnerability to
Trafficking
Human trafficking is a global Trafficked women and girls encounter
and domestic human rights issue high rates of physical and sexual
that is characterized by violence, including homicide and Factors that undermine the ability
economic exploitation through torture, psychological abuse, horrific to protect oneself or that disrupt
force, fraud and coercion. work and living conditions, and connections to social and family
Although boys and men are extreme deprivation while in transit. support increase susceptibility to
victims as well, the majority of
Serious mental health problems result coercion.
individuals identified as
from trafficking, including anxiety,
trafficked for both labor and
commercial sex are women and depression, self-injurious behavior,
girls (U.S. Department of State, suicidal ideation and suicide, drug and
2006). alcohol addiction, post-traumatic
stress disorder.
 WHY
Factors contributing to the trafficking in girls include
poverty, the low status of girls, lack of education, inadequate or
non-existent legislation related to trafficking, as well as the lack
of law enforcement. Some girls or their parents are tricked by
promises of education or employment, while others are
kidnapped to be bought and sold like commodities. 
Trafficking recruiters often target those in vulnerable
positions — the more vulnerable, the easier to exploit. Poverty,
illiteracy, lack of education, gender discrimination and lack of
job opportunities affect many women around the world.
According to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), “The
inequalities women face in status and opportunity worldwide
make women particularly vulnerable to trafficking.”
 MAYBE TO DIVIDE THE CONTENT
WHERE
Trafficked women come from less wealthy countries in Asia,
Africa, Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Latin America,
the Middle East, and the Caribbean. In some of those areas, such as
the Philippines and Thailand, the sex tourism industry has increased
demand for women and thus the amount of trafficking to meet the
needs of men who travel from Europe, North America, and Australia.
In the United States an estimated 50,000 women are trafficked in
each year, coming mostly from the former Soviet Union and
Southeast Asia. Many women leave the Ukraine because of difficult
socioeconomic conditions that predominantly affect women, who
constitute 75 percent of the unemployed there. In Asia, Japan is the
largest market for trafficked women.
 Although boys and men are
victims as well, the majority of
individuals identified as trafficked for
both labor and commercial sex are
women and girls. Traffickers lure,
manipulate and control vulnerable
individuals using a variety of coercive
means. Based on the Domestic Abuse
Intervention Project’s Duluth Model,
this Power and Control wheel outlines
the different types of abuse that can
occur in labor and sex trafficking
situations.
 STATISTICS
United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime
According to a new report from the United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),
the vast majority of all human trafficking victims
– some 71 per cent – are women and girls and one
third are children.
Philippines,
2004trafficking problem of
The Philippines has a serious
women and children illegally recruited into the
tourist industry for sexual exploitation. Destinations
are Metro Manila, Angeles City, Olongapo City,
Bulacan, Batangas, Cebu City, Davao and Cagayan
de Oro City and other sex tourist resorts such as
Puerto Galera, Pagsanjan, Laguna, San Fernando
Pampanga, and beach resorts throughout the
country.
UNODC,
2009
The most common form of human trafficking (79%)
is sexual exploitation. The second most common
form of human trafficking is forced labor (18%),
although this may be a misrepresentation because
forced labor is less frequently detected and reported
than trafficking for sexual exploitation.
May 31,
1995 of Filipinas to overseas destinations:
Trafficking
150 Filipinas were sold into prostitution for
$5,000.00 each by international syndicates to night
club operators in some African countries,
particularly Nigeria. A trafficker earns $3,000–
$5,000 for each woman or girl sold in the
international sex trade. 150,000 Filipina women
have been trafficked into prostitution in Japan.
 LAWS in the PHILIPPINES

R.A. 9208, also known as the  A penal law against human trafficking, sex tourism, 
Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003. sex slavery and child prostitution.

An Act To Institute Policies To Eliminate Trafficking In

Republic Act 10364, also known as the Persons Especially Women And Children, Establishing The
Necessary Institutional Mechanisms For The Protection And
“Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of Support Of Trafficked Persons, Providing Penalties For Its
2012”. Violations And For Other Purposes.

recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation

building and shall promote and protect their
Republic Act 9775, also known as the Anti- physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, emotional,
Child Pornography Act of 2009. psychological and social well-being
 02.
Violence Perpetrated by
Persons in Positions of
Authority or by the State
 DEFINITIONS
Definition of Violence
According to WHO Int., violence is the intentional use of physical force or power,
threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community,
that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological
harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation.

What does violence perpetrate by persons in position of authority means?

Abuse committed by authorities, such as public officers, police, government
officials, etc., that violates a person or a community’s right.
Why does violence perpetrated by
persons in position of authority
occur?
There are various reasons why violence or crimes happen, however one of the main causes of crimes
committed by public officers is the abuse of authority.

Abuse of Authority
As the term suggests, a simple definition is misuse of a position of power to take unjust advantage of
individuals, organizations, or governments.
An incident involving the abuse of power can be one or several of a very broad range of abuses. It
can be a complex international scheme carried out through various legal and illegal means by companies;
laundering of illegally gained currencies by an organized criminal network; or tampering with a country's
economic or political structure for personal gain or advantage. The abuse of power also can be a single and
simple dishonest transaction such as the sale of worthless securities, bribery of a public official, or a fraud
against a government program.
Violence Perpetrated by Persons in Positions of Authority
WORKSPACE HOME
#1 Women around the world
disproportionately impacted by gender-
based violence including
are

sexual
#2 In most cases, the perpetrator is a
relative or a close person indicating the
home is not always a safe place for
harassment and assault in the workplace. women and young girls.

SCHOOL RELIGION
#3 The types of violence range from assault
and harassment on the way to and from
school to bullying, sexual harassment
#4 “as the church is subject unto Christ, so
let the wives be to their own husbands in
everything” (Ephesians 5:24 KJV)
and mental and physical abuse in
education facilities, including as means
of corporal punishment.
WORKPLACE
Millions of female workers are forced to
work in an intimidating, hostile or humiliating
environment, and experience various unwelcome
forms of sexual conduct. Women are asked for
sexual favors, exposed to inappropriate jokes,
insinuations, and comments, and unwanted
physical contact that can amount to assault.
Despite its massive scale, sexual harassment in the
workplace remains under-reported because of fear
of disbelief, blame, or social or professional
retaliation.
 HOME For survivors of gender-based violence locked down in their homes
with an abuser, the COVID-19 pandemic is only one of the compounding
crises that threaten their physical and mental. Even before this global
health crisis, violence against women (VAW) was plaguing 1 out of every
4 Filipinas who is married or has been married at least once in their
lives. We know the incidence and numbers escalate during disasters, but
one can only estimate what impact this might have on the whole country.
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) estimated that there had
been a 20 percent increase in domestic violence globally. A study
commissioned by UNFPA approximates that intimate partner violence will
increase by 16 percent in the country. By the end of the year, there will be
an estimated 839,000 women who are married or who has been married at
least once in their lives who would experience GBV during this pandemic.
 L
Violence is not limited to primary and secondary schools but is also
reported from tertiary education, often in the form of sexual coercion and
harassment. Demand for sexual “favors” by teachers and classmates in return
for covering school transport, education fees or other school-related costs are
regularly reported from countries where education is not free in accordance
with international human rights law. Even without such enticements girls and
young women may feel coerced and fear the consequences of refusing
advances.
Sexual and gender-based violence in schools and beyond is facilitated by
Governments’ failure to enact and implement laws that provide students with
explicit protection from discrimination. Discrimination against girls in
education leads to the debasement of their status as women. Violence against
girls in schools is a form of discrimination globally, of varying nature and
prevalence but with far-reaching impact on girls’ education.
 N
Christianity, as a patriarchal religion, does violence to
women through its preponderant use of male language for God,
its traditional teaching on women's inferiority, the Household
Codes in the New Testament which mandate the subordination of
women, and its hierarchical structure. Hope for the future is seen
first, in the growing awareness in South African society of the
need to reverse the epidemic of domestic violence and second, in
utilizing resources in the Christian tradition such as the example
of Jesus and his His teachings on love and respect and the use of
more inclusive images of the church from the New Testament.
Church leaders are challenged to break the silence and to speak
out forcefully against domestic violence.
 CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC
OFFICERS (RPC)
MALFEASANCE AND MISFEASANCE IN
OFFICE
Judgment rendered through
negligence
FRAUDS AND ILLEGAL EXACTIONS
AND TRANSACTIONS
Giving or offering a bribe
MALVERSATION OF PUBLIC FUNDS
OR PROPERTY
Failure of accountable officer to
render accounts
INFEDILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
Infidelity in the custody of
prisoners/documents & Revelation
of Secrets
OTHER OFFENCES OR
IRREGULARITIES BY PUBLIC
OFFICERS
Disobedience, refusal of assistance and
maltreatment of prisoners
Anticipation, prolongation, and
abandonment of the duties and powers
of public office
Usurpation of powers and unlawful
appointments
Abuses against chastity
Examples of Violence Perpetrated by Persons in Position of Authority/State

Extrajudicial Killings in the Philippines

Since the election of Rodrigo Duterte in June
2016, a violent ‘war on drugs’ has claimed
upwards of 5,000 lives in the Philippines.
Executions by police and militia groups that
target drug dealers and users not only exacerbate
the drug problem but constitute a violation of the
right to freedom from execution by extrajudicial
killing.
Examples of Violence Perpetrated by Persons in Position of Authority/State
George Floyd’s Death
The death of George Floyd, a 46-year-old Black man,
drew widespread outrage in May 2020 after a video
circulated online showing Officer Derek Chauvin
 holding his knee on Mr. Floyd’s neck on a
Minneapolis street corner as he gasped for breath.
Mr. Floyd died on May 25 after being handcuffed and
pinned to the ground under the knee of Mr. Chauvin,
who is white, for more than nine minutes. The
county medical examiner ruled the death a homicide
caused by a combination of the officers’ use of force,
the presence of fentanyl and methamphetamine in
Mr. Floyd’s system and his underlying health
conditions.
 About the Law
Republic Act 9262
An Act defining Violence Against Women And their Children, Providing for Protective Measures
for Victims, Prescribing Penalties therefore, and for Other Purposes

"Violence against women and their children" refers to any act or a series of acts committed by any
person against a woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom the person
has or had a sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has a common child, or against her
child whether legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which result in or is
likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse including
threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty. 
 REFERENCES
●https://www.hrw.org/tag/gender-based-violence-workplace
●https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/GenderAndEquality/Infonote_Violence_in_schools.pdf
●https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/violence-against-women-and-girls-pandemic-we-must-end-now
●https://www.unhcr.org/4794b3512.pdf
● https://www.napolcom.gov.ph/images/pdf/revPenalCode7.pdf?__cf_chl_managed_tk__=pmd_SbIUqIuOnVrbjh3X9
Mf69Q75CmzbcTBo_PMntVePouc-1631779364-0-gqNtZGzNAtCjcnBszREl
● https://www.nytimes.com/article/george-floyd.html

● https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/extrajudicial-killings-in-the-philippines/

● https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/crime-and-abuse-power-offenses-and-offenders-beyond-reach-l
aw

● https://www.who.int/violenceprevention/approach/definition/en/
THANK YOU!
Rachelle S. Daño
Kate Aisle F. Enriquez
Carlo V. Gapasin
Angel Rose G. Jaranilla

Bachelor in Forensic Science 2A

CJE-7 Vilonce Against Women and Children