INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM

AND HOSPITALITY
Lecture no…
Basic Concepts
Ayesha Zaman Khan
Introduction to the
Inter-relatedness and Inter-
play of
Tourism, Travel,
Hospitality and
Hotel Industry
Origin, History, Evolution,
Growth & Importance
 Overview
 Learning Objectives
 Definitions
 Introduction to Hospitality
 Facets
 Introduction to Tourism
 Origin of Transport
 Tour Operators
 Tourist Destination
 Categories of Tourists
 Positive impact
 Negative Aspects
 Learning Objectives
 As you start your career in hospitality industry, you
should be able to confidently explain, what is
hospitality, tourism and travel industry. Also, the
 • Social
 • Economic
 • Geographic
 • Cultural & Other benefits of tourism for
developed & developing countries.
 Getting to know the concept of the travel agents &
tour operators is required. Also, become alert to the
negative side of tourism such as harassment, drug
dealers, land grabbing, pollution, child abuse, terror
attacks etc.
Tourism Grows Every Year.
 Hospitality Industry is one of the oldest
commercial activities in the world.

At present, it contributes approximately 4
trillion dollar per year to the world economy.
 In the American system one billion is
1,000,000,000 and a trillion is 1,000,000,000,000
so one trillion is one thousand times one
billion.1 million= 10 lacs, 1ooo
million=1billion,
The Glamour of Hospitality!?!
 Hospitality
 Hospitality is the relationship between a
guest and a host, where in the host receives the
guest with goodwill, including the reception
and entertainment of guests, visitors, or
strangers. ... Hospitality is also the way people
treat others, that is the service of welcoming
receiving guests for example in hotels.
 Hospitality Management
 As a field of work hospitality management
refers to the management of hotels, restaurants,
resorts and any other institutions that are
involved in the hospitality industry.
 As a field of study hospitality management
refers to the study of hospitality industry and
its management needs. It also relate to the
people who opt hospitality sector as a career
and pursue their studies in the same
Facets of Hospitality Management

Tourism Hotel
Management Management

Hospitality
Management

Resort Event
Management Management
Convention
Management
 Origin Of Word Tourism
 The term tourism seems to have been derived
from the Latin word tornus, which means a
compass like tool for making circles or wheel
in motion.
 • Circle denotes the circular journey or

trip
 Origin of the word ‘Transport’
 The word is derived from the Latin words
‘trans’ meaning, across, and ‘portare’,
meaning, ‘tocarry’.
 From animals to carts, steam ships to steam

engines, cars to planes; travel has been an

integral part of tourism.
 When more people can travel cheaply and in

comfort, more the growth in tourism industry.

 Space tourism is just round the corner!
 Definition
TOURISM:
 It is the movement of people from their normal place of
residence & work, for a period of not less than 24 hours
and not more than 1 year. (according to W.T.O.)
 The sum of phenomenon and relationship arising from

the travel as it does not lead to permanent residence and is

not connected to any earning activity. (by Henniker &
Kroff)
 Tourism covers the social activity of those, who travel for a
period of 24 hours or more, in a country other than the
one the person usually lives in (The league of nations, in
1937)
 Defining Tourism
 Tourism is a temporary, short term
movement of people, to destinations
outside the places, where they normally live
and work, and their activities during their
stay, at these destinations, does not involve
earning money, including day visit &
excursion i.e. trips lasting less than 24
hours. (By Tourism Society of Britain)
 Tourism is a broad concept!
 Tourism may be defined in terms of
particular activities, selected by choice, and
undertaken outside the home environment.
 Tourism may or may not involve overnight

stay away from home. (A.I.E.S.T, 1981)

 Tourism – The activity of temporary visitors,

staying at least 24 hours for leisure, business,

family or meeting.
 Tour Operators
 Make a complete package for the entire
tour, specializing in handling large groups and
off-shore travel to far off destinations.
 Unlike travel agents, who only make

arrangement when requested to, tour

operators may actually buy from various
service providers at low rates and then sell at a
profitable level.
Top 10 Travel Companies in the World
 Expedia Inc. - $60.8 billion
 • Priceline Group - $55.5 billion
 • American Express Global Business Travel - $30 billion
 • Carlson Wagonlit Travel - $24.2 billion
 • BCD Travel - $23.8 billion
 • HRG North America - $16 billion
 • FC USA - $13.4 billion
 • American Express Travel - $5.1 billion
 • Travel Leaders Group - $4.32 billion
 • Fareportal/ Travelong - $4.1 billion
 (source- Wikipedia)
 Tourist Destination
 A place which a tourist may find interesting,
for reasons like cultural, historical, aesthetic
and recreational value.
 A destination may also have a unique appeal

for many reasons. E.g. Bermuda Triangle!

 When a destination develops a reputation for

cheating with tourists, it is called a ‘tourist

 trap’!
 Top 10 tourist destinations of
the world, 2018 (Ranking by
Trip Advisor)
 N0.1. Paris, France
 No.2. London, UK
 No.3. Rome, Italy
 No.4. Bali, Indonesia
 No. 5. Barcelona, Spain
 No. 6. Crete, Greece
 No. 7. Prague, Czech Republic
 No. 8. Marrakech, Morocco
 No. 9. Istanbul, Turkey
 No. 10. New York City, USA
 Categories Of Tourists

(A) Domestic:- tourists coming from various
states and other parts of the same country. For example,
Pakistani's travelling within Pakistan.

• (B) International:- tourists coming from and going to other
countries, with passport, visa, foreign currency and health check
certificate.

• (C) Inbound:- tourists coming from other
 areas/countries to our area/country. For example,
 Americans coming to Pakistan.

• (D) Out Bound:- tourist going from our
 area/country to other areas/countries. For example,
 Pakistani going to America
 Tourism Big Picture!
 All the activities that are performed for
assisting a tourist come under tourism
industry.
 • Accommodation
 • Travel & Transportation
 • Food & Beverage catering
 • Retail Stores
 • Events & activities
 There is team spirit among all.
 Travel & Transportation
 Trains
 Passenger ships
 Airlines
 Buses
 Car Rentals
 Bikes
 Limousines
 Ferries
 Steamers
 Cruise liners
 Helicopter service
 Chartered flights
 Yachts
 Accommodation Sector-shelter
 Hotel
 Motel
 Time Share
 Resort
 Casino hotel
 Budget hotel
 Bed & Breakfast hotel
 Condominium
 Capsule hotel
 Holiday Village
 Circuit House
 Dak Bungalow
 Sarai
 Lodges
 Food & Beverage Service
 Restaurants
 Bars
 Pubs
 Nightclubs
 Take Away counters
 Drive –through
 Vendors
 Snack bars
 Delicatessen
 Retail shops
 Kiosks
 Home delivery
 Banquets
 Pool-side outlets
 Travel Agents & Intermediaries
 Provide travel tickets, hotel\cruise line
reservation, car rentals, itinerary plans, travel
insurance, travel guide books, money changing
for foreign currency, and visa\passport
documentation support, in both offline and
online mode.
 They are paid fixed commission on a contract

 basis.
 Positive Impacts Of Tourism
 A. Economic growth through huge revenue earnings
 B. Employment generation: direct and indirect
 C. Infrastructure Development: Connectivity,
buildings
 D. Foreign Exchange Earning
 E. Tourist Destination Development at remote areas
 F. Contribution to Gross National Income
 G. A Boon For Travel Industry
 H. Development Of Accommodation Business
 J. Service Creation And Consumption far and wide
 K. Cultural Development & Enrichment
 Negative Aspects of Tourism

 It is a mixed blessing….
Pollution
Garbage, plastics, damage to flora & fauna, ecology
etc.
Drugs, Disease, Immorality