Campus

Journalism Report
Prepared by:
Babia, Jane Allysa
Dilao, Jessel Joy
Regis, Dainne
 Table of Contents

News Story The

Structure Body

The Lead and Campus

Alternative
Lead Feed
 01
News Story
Structure
Inverted Pyramid
- Most commonly used structure for
news writing.
- Presents the most important
information at the beginning of the
report, followed by a descending order
of less important information.
 Parts of the Inverted Pyramid Style
1. Lead
- a summary of the topic.
- The lead tells the most important facts. It is
considered to be the “key” to the story since the five
W’s and H is discuss in this part.
2. Supporting Details – important supporting
information
3. Less important Details – less important
information
Hourglass Style
- Is a combination of inverted pyramid
and narrative structure. Expands on the
essentials and important information,
especially for stories with narrative
aspects.
 Parts of the Hourglass Style
1. The Top – the hourglass begins with delivering the
summary of the news, including the “who, what, when,
where and how”.

2. The Turn – this part is a transition from discussing what

has happened in to how it happened.

3. The Narrative – this portion of the format gives good

details to the complexities of the story. It has three
elements which is the beginning, the middle and the
ending.
Chronological Style
- Chronological structure is rarely
used since the most important
points will stand at the end of the
article.
 Parts of the Chronological Style

1. Lead – most important information

2. Foreshadowing – an indication or hint of what is
to come later in the news story.
3. Chronological Story telling – stating events in a
chronological order.
4. Climax at the end – This is the turning point of
the news report where in its point of highest
tension and drama is located.
 02
The Lead and
Alternative
Lead
 The Lead
The lead, or opening paragraph, is the most
important part of a news story. It gives readers the most
important information in a clear, concise and interesting
manner. It also establishes the voice and direction of an
article. Usually, a good lead attracts readers to read the
body of the feature by highlighting the main issue of
news.
 TIPS FOR WRITING A GOOD LEAD
1.The Five W’s and H: Before writing a lead, decide which
aspect of the story – who, what, when, where, why, how – is
most important.

2. Conflict: Good stories have conflict. So do many good leads.

3.Specificity: Though you are essentially summarizing

information in most leads, try to be specific as possible.

4.Brevity: Readers want to know why the story matters to

them and they won’t wait long for the answer.
 TIPS FOR WRITING A GOOD LEAD
5. Active sentences: Strong verbs will make your lead lively
and interesting.

6. Audience and context: Take into account what your reader

already knows.

7. Honesty: A lead is an implicit promise to your readers. You

must be able to deliver what you promise in your lead.
 What to Avoid in Writing Lead
1. Flowery language: Many beginning writers make the mistake of
overusing adverbs and adjectives in their leads.
2. Unnecessary words or phrases: Watch out for unintentional
redundancy. Avoid clutter and cut right to the heart of the story.
3. Formulaic leads: Because a lot of news writing is done on
deadline, the temptation to write tired leads is strong. Resist it.
Readers want information, but they also want to be entertained.
Your lead must sound genuine, not merely mechanical.
4. It: Most editors frown on leads that begin with the word it because
it is not precise and disorients the reader.
 Types of Leads in Journalism

First Second
Traditional Lead Alternative
Lead
 Traditional Lead

The traditional Lead is also known as the basic

lead. Straight news leads tend to provide answers to
the most important three or four of the Five W’s
and H. But, usually, the journalist will start with
Who and What. However, Can start and end with
any of the 6 elements.
 Traditional Lead
 WHO LEAD. Used when the person involved is more prominent than what he
does and what had happened to him.
Example: President Rodrigo Duterte addressed on April 20, the PMA graduates
in Baguio City.

 WHAT LEAD. Used when the event or what took place is more important than
the person involved in the story.
Example: The NSAT will be given Nov. 24 to all graduating High School students
desiring to enroll in four-year college course.

 WHERE LEAD. Used when the place is unique and no prominent person is
involved in the story.
Example: The Philippines will be the site of the next Miss Universe Contest.
 Traditional Lead
 WHEN LEAD. Rarely used as the reader presumes the story to be timely. However, this
lead is useful when speaking of deadlines, holidays, and important dates.
Example: Today, almost to the hour, Revolutionary Government was proclaimed by former
President Joseph Estrada.

 WHY LEAD. Used when the reason is more prominent or unique than what had happens.
Example: Because of poverty, around a hundred students dropped out from school last
year. This was learned from PNU president Nilo L. Rosas.

 HOW LEAD. Used when the manner, mode, means, or method of achieving the story is
unnatural in way.
Example: By appealing to the school board, the Manila Science High School was able to
construct a three story concrete building.
 Alternative Lead

A more creative way journalists open an article is

through an alternative lead. Unlike a traditional
lead, which gets right to the central point of the
story, an alternative lead “may linger over an
aspect of the story before getting to the central
point.
 Alternative Leads
1. Delayed Lead/Buried Lead is characterized by a long introduction before a nut graf
transition to the meat of the story. The introductory material may include a scenario or an
anecdote that lures the reader into the story.

2. Question Leads open with a question to the reader. The follow-up paragraph should
provide an answer or at least the information to lead the reader to an answer.
Example: Who will reign as Miss Intramural’s this year? This will be known on August 8
after the final screening to be held at the PNU Gym and Performing Arts Center.

3. Quotation Lead uses a direct or indirect quotation from a source to grab the readers
attention.
Example: “The youth in the New Republic have become partners of the government in its
struggle for progress and advancement,” thus spoke PNU Director Rene Romero to some
400 student delegates to the 2006 Hi-Y-Y-Teens Leadership Training Seminar held on
December 26-30 at the Edilberto Dagot Hall.
 Alternative Leads
4. Suspense Leads arouse the curiosity of the reader and usually make an
unusual connection that leads them to the body of the news story.

5. Punch Lead is blunt, explosive, short statement that is to the point and hits
a central point. A short, forceful word or expression. It is rarely used.
Example: Victory Day! Magsaysay High School celebrated on March 18 its fifth
Victory in the city-wide journalism contest.

6. Descriptive Lead is characterized by a descriptive or colorful explanation

that introduces the reader to the elements of the news story. This allows the
reporter to briefly paint a picture in the minds of the reader.
Example: Dressed in white Polo Barong, and with Diploma in their hands,
1,500 graduates marched down the stage to the tune of Osmena High March.
 Alternative Leads
7. Staccato Leads are characterized by short, clipped words, phrases, sometimes
separated by ellipses, to help create a mood for the story. Descriptive in nature, these
leads are best suited for features, soft news or sports.

8. Contrast Leads grab the reader's attention by comparing extremes -- the big with the
little, comedy with tragedy, age with youth, the past with the present. If such contrast is
applicable, it can be effective.
Example: Four months before the beautification and cleanup drive, zone 15 in Tondo,
Manila was the dirtiest district. Three months after, it won first place in the CLEAN contest
sponsored by the Department of Community and Local Government.

9. Parody Leads play on words using widely known proverbs, quotations, song titles,
currently popular sayings, or book titles to help establish an immediate identity with the
reader.
Example: Water, water everywhere, but no water to drink. This was what the food victims
found in their dismay.
 03
The Body
 THE BODY
 Giving additional facts related to the incident.
 It generally gives the information on the background of people
involved in the incident
 It contains the information a reporter believes readers need to
know
 Emphasize the people involved with the events that the story is
covering
 The goal of a story is to inform the reader, not confuse them.
 The main body should contain facts and not personal opinions
 Includes all the details of the news story and should be split in
paragraphs to help the reader digest the information
 04
The
Beat
 JOURNALISM BEATS
What is BEAT?
 Specific areas covered by regularly by a specific reporter.

TYPICAL BEATS INCLUDE:

● City and Country Government
● Education
● Police
● Religion
● Science/Environment/Medicine
● Business
● Sports
 BEAT REPORTERS
A good reporter is:
Familiar with general background
Knows specific language of area
Asks right questions
Recognizes newsworthy info
Writes understandable stories for
unfamiliar readers
 HOW TO COVER A BEAT

 Be Prepared
 Be Alert
 Be Persistent
 Be There
 Be Accurate
 Be Wary
 WRITING FOR READERS

 Translate
 Make your writing human
 Think of the public book
 Get out of the office
 Ask the readers questions
 05
College
Journalism
Beat
 College Journalism Beats
College newspaper beats
How beats are divvied up depends on the size of your
staff and the type of campus you cover.
Beats for a small newspaper staff
Here's a beat structure that might work for a staff of 10 or
fewer reporters:
● Crime and safety-campus and city police, crime, safety-oriented
organizations
● City/community-city politics, neighborhood issues around your
campus
● Academics (1 or 2 reporters)- all academic departments
 College Journalism Beats
● Administration - school policies and administration
officials
● Campus politics - student go vernment, faculty senate,
political organizations on campus
● Sports (l or 2 reporters)-intramural and collegiate sports,
recreation
● Arts and entertainment-music, dance, theater, film, art,
etc.
● Lifestyle - including clubs, activities , recreation and
housing
● Science and health - personal health, scientific research.
 News Sources
• The department chairs
• Administrators
• Coaches
• Club leaders
• Other official sources
Student, Employees and Teaching
Assistants, Janitors and Secretaries
Thank You!