OBESITY MANAGEMENT

UNIQUE PAPER CODE: 12555261

GENEERIC ELECTIVE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

FOR BA HONS POLITICAL SCIENCE
1ST YEAR, SECOND SEM

SUBMITTED BY:
DHRITIRAJ KALITA
CLASS ROLL NO. 2021
UNIT 1

1.1 CONCEPT OF OBESITY

1.2 ASSESSMENT OF OBESITY
1.3 HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH
OBESITY
Obesity: The state of being well above one's normal weight.
A person has traditionally been considered to be obese if they are
more than 20 percent over their ideal weight. That ideal weight
must take into account the person's height, age, sex, and build.
Obesity has been more precisely defined by the National Institutes
of Health (the NIH) as a BMI of 30 and above. (A BMI of 30 is
about 30 pounds overweight.)
CAUSES OF OBESITY
1. Over eating
2. High frequency eating
3. Psychological factors
4. Diseases like hyperthyroidism, insulin
resistance etc.
5. Social issues
6. Genetics
7. Lack of sleep
8. Unhealthy diet
9. Liquid calories
10. Previous attempts to lose weight
11. Lack of physical activity
12. Old age
13. Pregnancy
14. Environmental factors
15. Depression and stress
16. Quitting smoking
17. Medications
18. Sedentary lifestyle
19. Increased fast food chains
20. High consumption of alcohol
ASSESSMENT OF OBESITY

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in

kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.
A high BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness.
BMI can be used to screen for weight categories that
may lead to health problems but it is not diagnostic of
the body fatness or health of an individual.
BMI
WAIST –HIP RATIO

The waist-hip ratio or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the 

dimensionless ratio of the circumference of the waist to that
of the hips. This is calculated as waist measurement divided
by hip measurement (W ÷ H ).
For example, a person with a 30″ (76 cm) waist and 38″
(97 cm) hips has a waist-hip ratio of about 0.78.
The WHR has been used as an indicator or measure of
health, and the risk of developing serious health conditions.
WHR correlates with fertility (with different optimal values
in males and females).
VARIOUS ASSOCIATED HEALTH RISKS

Obesity is not just a cosmetic problem. It's a health hazard.

Someone who is 40% overweight is twice as likely to die
prematurely as is an average-weight person. This is
because obesity has been linked to several serious medical
conditions, including: Heart disease and stroke, High blood
pressure, Diabetes, Cancer, Gallbladder disease and
gallstones, Osteoarthritis, Gout, Breathing problems such as
sleep apnea (when a person stops breathing for a short
time during sleep) and asthma, Metabolic syndrome, Fatty
liver diseases, Kidney disease, Pregnancy problems,
Depression
OBESITY AND HEART DISEASE AND STROKE

Heart disease - High blood pressure, abnormal levels of

blood fats, and high blood glucose levels may raise your
risk for heart disease. Blood fats, also called blood lipids,
include HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides
.
Losing 5 to 10 percent of your weight may lower your risk
factors for developing heart disease.
Stroke - Stroke is a condition in which the blood supply to
your brain is suddenly cut off, caused by a blockage or the
bursting of a blood vessel in your brain or neck. A stroke
can damage brain tissue and make you unable to speak or
move parts of your body. High blood pressure is the
leading cause of strokes.
SKINFOLD THICKNESS

Skinfold thickness describes the amount

of subcutaneous fat when the fold is lifted and its
thickness measured by specialized calipers. The
sum of skinfolds provides data for comparison
with population norms, or for monitoring
changes over time within the same individual.
OBESITY AND DIABETES

Type 2 diabetes is a disease that occurs when your 

blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high.
About 8 out of 10 people with type 2 diabetes are
overweight or have obesity. Over time, high blood
glucose leads to problems such as 
heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, eye problems, 
nerve damage, and other health problems.
If you are at risk for type 2 diabetes, losing 5 to 7
percent of your body weight and 
getting regular physical activity may prevent or
delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
OBESITY AND CANCER
Cancer is a collection of related diseases. In all types
of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide
without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.
Overweight and obesity may raise your risk of
developing certain types of cancer.

OBESITY AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is a
condition in which blood flows through your 
blood vessels with a force greater than normal. High
blood pressure can strain your heart, damage blood
vessels, and raise your risk of heart attack, stroke,
kidney disease, and death.
OBESITY AND GALL BLADDER DISEASE
Overweight and obesity may raise your risk of getting 
gall bladder diseases, such as gallstonesand 
cholecystitis. Imbalances in substances that make up 
bile cause gallstones. Gallstones may form if bile
contains too much cholesterol.

OBESITY AND OSTEOARTHRITIS

Osteoarthritis is a common, long-lasting health
problem that causes pain, swelling, and reduced
motion in your joints. Being overweight or having
obesity may raise your risk of getting osteoarthritis by
putting extra pressure on your joints and cartilage.
Obesity and Gout
Gout is a disease that affects the joints that is caused by high levels
of a substance called uric acid in the blood. The large amount of
uric acid can form into solid or crystal-like masses that deposit in
the joints. Gout is more common in overweight people and the risk
of developing the disorder increases with higher body weights.
Obesity and Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a common disorder in which you do not breathe
regularly while sleeping. You may stop breathing altogether for
short periods of time. Untreated sleep apnea may raise your risk of
other health problems, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
Obesity and Fatty liver diseases
Fatty liver diseases are conditions in which fat builds up in
your liver. Fatty liver diseases include nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Fatty
liver diseases may lead to severe liver damage, cirrhosis, or even
liver failure.
Obesity and Kidney diseases?
Kidney disease means that your kidneys are damaged and
can’t filter blood like they should. Obesity raises the risk
of diabetes and high blood pressure, the most common
causes of kidney disease. Even if you don’t have diabetes
or high blood pressure, obesity itself may promote kidney
disease and quicken its progress

Obesity and emotional and social problems

Overweight and obesity are associated with mental health
problems such as depression. People who deal with
overweight and obesity may also be the subject of weight
bias and stigma from others, including health care
providers. This can lead to feelings of rejection, shame, or
guilt—further worsening mental health problems.