Types of Taper Turning

Methods on Lathe Machine

ARUL R
AP/MECH
Types of Taper Turning Methods

• The following are the different types of taper turning methods on lathe machine. 
• Tailstock Set Over Method
• Compound Rest Method
•  Taper Turning Attachment Method
•  Form Tool Method 
•  Combining Feeds Method
Tailstock Set Over Method

 This taper turning methods is used only for taper turning of small top angles.

Only external tapers can be machined by this method.

In these types of taper turning methods, tailstock is set out of alignment

according to the size of the turning taper. 

The clamping mechanism is loosened for offsetting, adjusting the upper part of

the tailstock as required, and adjusting screws are tightened which is shown in
figure.
 This method is also called as Offsetting Tailstock method.

 For performing this method ball center type work holding device is used in a tailstock.

The amount of offset is calculated in the following way,

O = (Taper × L)/2000

Where,

0 = Offset, in mm.

Taper = millimeter/meter

L = Length of workpiece in mm
Compound Rest Method

 These types of taper turning methods on lathe machine is used for turning small
and steep tapers. 

 See in figure compound rest method on lathe machine which is described in

below.
 In this method firstly compound rest is set at a particular angle corresponding to
the center line of the workpiece or a job, It is then locked into this position.

After then cutting tool is set exactly at the center and brought into position by
carriage movement. 

The carriage is then locked and then taper turning of
the job is done by turning the handle of the compound rest by hand.
 Compound rest angle can be calculated by formula,

Tan θ = D-d/2L

θ = tan-1 (D-d/2L)

Where,

D = Larger diameter of the taper

 
d = Smaller diameter of the taper

L = Length of the taper
Taper Turning Attachment Method

 The taper turning attachment is an accessory that is provided with the modern lathes.

It is mounted behind the carriage.

It is used for taper turning or boring without tailstock offsetting. 

In this taper turning methods,  job is held in between center or a chuck.

If the job is held between the centers, only the outer taper turning can be done. 

 Show in figure taper turning attachment method,

The taper turning attachment consists of a frame that
attaches to the rear end of the lathe and a guide bar that
is pivoted at the center. 

The guide bar can be swiveled in either side at a 10° angle

and it can be clamped to the position by two bolts. 

The taper turning workpiece is mounted parallel to the

lathe bed (between the centers as shown in a figure). 

Taper turning attachment forces the tool to move at

a fixed angle.
Form Tool Method 

 In this types of taper turning methods a straight form tool with a taper angle

is set with a taper cutting edge.
It is given a direct feed on the job so that it creates a definite form on the job.

The drawback of this method is that more force is not generated because more
area comes in contact between the cutting edge and the workpiece.

Due to the reality of taper turning, this form tool method is only used for short
length tapers.
Combining Feeds Method

 In such a method, longitudinal and cross feeds are performed simultaneously, so

that the tool moves along the diagonal path.
Methods of Measuring Tapers

• There are six methods of measuring tapers in precision.

 By comparing the newly turned taper with a known taper.
•  Using plug gauge for internal taper and ring gauge for the external taper. 
•  Using the taper test gauge.
• Using gauge blocks, test mandrel.
• Using sign bars and gauge blocks.
• Using a micrometer.
Specification of lathe

 A lathe is generally designated by:

 (a) Swing, i.e., the largest work diameter that can be swung over the lathe bed.
 (b) Distance between head stock and tail stock centre.
 Bar automatic lathes are specified by the maximum diameter of the bar which can be
accommodated.
 In order to specify a lathe completely, the following specifications should be
included:
 1. (a) Height of centres (b) Type of bed, i.e. straight, semi-gap, or gap type (c) Centre
distance.
 2. (a) Swing over bed. (b) Swing over cross slide, (c) Swing in gap. (d) Gap in front of
face plate, (e) Width of bed.
 3. (a) Spindle Speeds Range, (b) Spindle Nose (Type), (c) Spindle bore, (d) Taper in nose.
 4. (a) Metric thread pitches, (b) Lead screw pitch, (c) Longitudinal feeds, (d) Cross feeds.
 5. (a) Cross slide travel, (b) Top slide travel, (c) Tool section.
 6. (a) Tailstock sleeve travel. (b) Taper in sleeve bore.
 7. Motor horsepower and RPM.
 8. Shipping dimensions—length x width x height x weight.