Course : M0744 - Database Management

Year : 2015
Replication And Mobile
Databases

Session 08-09
 TOPICS

• Introduction to Database Replication

• Benefits of Database Replication
• Applications of Replication
• Basic Components of Database Replication
• Database Replication Environments
• Replication Servers
• Introduction to Mobile Databases
• Oracle Replication
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 Introduction to Database
Replication

• The process of copying and maintaining database object, such as

relations, in multiple databases that make up a distributed database
system.

• Replication Servers
• Currently some prototype and special-purpose DDBMSs, and many
of the protocols and problems are well understood.
• However, to date, general purpose DDBMSs have not been widely
accepted.
• Instead, database replication, the copying and maintenance of data
on multiple servers, may be more preferred solution.
• Every major database vendor has replication solution.
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 Introduction to Database
Replication

• Functionality
• At basic level, has to be able to copy data from one
database to another (synch. or asynch.).
• Other functions include:
• Scalability.
• Mapping and Transformation.
• Object Replication.
• Specification of Replication Schema.
• Subscription mechanism.
• Initialization mechanism.
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 Benefits of Database Replication

• Availability
• Reliability
• Performance
• Load Reduction
• Disconnected computing
• Supports many users
• Supports advanced applications
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 Applications of Replication

• Replication supports a variety of application

that have very different requirements
• Some applications are adequately supported
with only limited synchronization between the
copies of the database and the corporate
database system, while other applications
demand continuos synchronization between
all copies of the database
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 Applications of Replication

• For example
• support for a remote sales team typically
requires the periodic synchronization of a large
number of small

• remote mobile sites with the corporate database

system

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 Basic Components of Database Replication

• Replication Object

• Replication Group

• Replication Sites
• Master sites
• Slaves sites

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 Database Replication
Environments

• Synchronous versus Asynchronous

Replication

• Data Ownership

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 Database Replication
Environments

• Synchronous versus Asynchronous Replication

• Synchronous – updates to replicated data are part of

enclosing transaction.
• If one or more sites that hold replicas are
unavailable transaction cannot complete.
• Large number of messages required to coordinate
synchronization.

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 Database Replication
Environments

• Asynchronous - target database

updated after source database
modified.
• Delay in regaining consistency may
range from few seconds to several
hours or even days.
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 Database Replication
Environments

• Data Ownership
• Ownership relates to which site has privilege to update
the data.
• Main types of ownership are:
• Master/slave (or asymmetric replication),
• Workflow,
• Update-anywhere (or peer-to-peer or symmetric
replication

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 Database Replication
Environments

• Master/Slave
• Workflow
• Update-anywhere

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 Replication Servers

• Master/Slave Ownership
• Asynchronously replicated data is owned by one
(master) site, and can be updated by only that site.
• Using ‘publish-and-subscribe’ metaphor, master site
makes data available.
• Other sites ‘subscribe’ to data owned by master site,
receiving read-only copies.
• Potentially, each site can be master site for non-
overlapping data sets, but update conflicts cannot
occur
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 Database Replication
Environments

• Master/Slave Ownership – Data

Dissemination

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 Database Replication
Environments

• Master/Slave Ownership – Data

Consolidation

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 Database Replication
Environments

• Workflow Ownership
• Avoids update conflicts, while providing more dynamic
ownership model.
• Allows right to update replicated data to move from site to
site.
• However, at any one moment, only ever one site that may
update that particular data set.
• Example is order processing system, which follows series
of steps, such as order entry, credit approval, invoicing,
shipping, and so on.
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 Database Replication
Environments

• Workflow Ownership

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 Database Replication
Environments

• Update-Anywhere Ownership
• Creates peer-to-peer environment where multiple
sites have equal rights to update replicated data.
• Allows local sites to function autonomously, even
when other sites are not available.
• Shared ownership can lead to conflict scenarios
and have to employ methodology for conflict
detection and resolution.

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 Database Replication
Environments

• Update-Anywhere Ownership

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 Replication Servers

• Replication Server Functionality

• Implementation Issues

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 Replication Servers

• Replication Server Functionality

Scalability
Mapping and Transformation
Object Replication
Specification of Replication Schema
Subscription Mechanism
Initialization Mechanism
Easy Administration
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 Replication Servers

• Implementation Issues
• Transactional updates
• Snapshots and database triggers
• Conflict detection and resolution

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 Replication Servers

• (a) Non-transactional replication

updates
• (b) Transactional replication updates

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 Introduction to Mobile Databases

• Mobile database
• A database that is portable and
physically separate from the corporate
database server but is capable of
communicating with that server from
remote sites allowing the sharing of
corporate data
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 Introduction to Mobile Databases

• Typical Architecture for a mobile

database environment

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 Introduction to Mobile Databases

• The components of a mobile

database environment include :
• Corporate database server and DBMS
• Remote database and DBMS
• Mobile database plaftorm
• Two-way communication links between the
corporate and mobile DBMS

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 Oracle Replication

• Oracle’s Replication Functionality

• Types of replication
• Replication Groups
• Replication Sites
• Refresh Groups

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 Oracle Replication
Read-only snapshots
Updatable snapshots
• Types of replication
Multimaster replication
Procedural replication

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 Oracle Replication

• Replication Sites
• Master site
• Snapshots site

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 Oracle Replication

• Refresh Groups
• Refresh Types
• Complete
• Fast
• Force

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