NNECTORS AND LINKE

- coordinating, concessive -
n elements within a sentence or sentences within a text we use conjuncti
itions, adverbs and adverbial expressions called “connectors” or “linker
• and / both ..... and .....
two or more elements of a sentence. And is also used at the end of a lis

play the piano and I sing in the choir.

y mother can both speak and write in Arabic.

my room, there is a bed, a wardrobe, a desk and a chair.
 • or / either ..... or .....
Propose an alternative.
You can have a sandwich or a cake.
her you do it now or you will never do it.

neither ..... nor .....

Excludes both elements.
Neither Susan nor Simon can go.
 • but
contradicts two sentences or two elements of a sentence.
ke her hat but it doesn’t go well with her dress.
had no choice but to accept their offer.
on the other hand ....
ces two different ideas. It can be preceded by on the other hand...

ld like to get a degree, but on the other hand, I don’t feel like
ing for so many years.
 however / though (informal use)
ver and though are adverbs. However can be placed either at the beginni
a sentence. Though is placed at the end of the sentence.

ooks like a tough guy. He is quite shy, though.

e film was good. A bit too long, however.
story is true. However, I wouldn’t trust him.
 • although / though
ugh and though introduce a clause that nakes the statement in the main c
surprising or unexpected.

Although / Though he’s a very young writer, he’s already won an

important award.
even though
hough refers to a real fact, as opposed to even if that is used to make a h

nt to the beach even though it was raining.

ll go to the beach, even if it’s raining.
pite / in spite of ( + noun or verb in –ing form, often pre
possessive adjective)
going to buy that house in spite of its price.
dn’t eat any of that food despite (my) being very hungry.
o: ..... Even though I was very hungry.

owever (+ adjective or adverb)

er hard you may try, the boss will never be satisfied with your
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