TRIGONOMETRY

Oleh:

RATIH TRI WIJAYANTI, S. Pd.

 What is TRIGONOMETRY??
 Trigonometry is the most well-known branch of
mathematics. We study about angle, triangle, sine,
cosine, tangent, etc.
 By using trigonometry, an astronomer is able to estimate
the distance between the earth and the moon, the
diameter of planets, etc.
 In the end of this chapter, you are expected to
have understood and use simple trigonometry in
daily life. By studying and understanding the
fundamentals of trigonometry, you can at least
calculate the height of things such as buildings,
towers or trees by using number of simple facts
about angles and triangles.
 Example:
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Two teachers have
same height. They
are seeing the top
of the flagpole.
The first teacher is
10 m in front of the
second teacher.
the first teacher’s
elevation angle is Could you calculate the
60o and the second length of the flagpole?
teacher is 30o
HOW TO DETERMINE
THE LENGTH OF THE
FLAGPOLE?
When surveying a swamp, a surveyor walked 425
meters from point A to point B, then turned 65
degrees and walked 300 meters to point C.
calculate the length of the AC.
A firefighter wants to reach a window which its length
is 4 m, by using a stairs and considering safety factors,
the minimum distance between stairs and wall is not
less than 1 meter, how is the length of the stairs that
can be used? and how to locate the stairs?
In a village which is far from the airport, children have a habbit
of following the airplane that crossing their village. Bolang
observe the airplane that flies 120 Km. Bolang elevation angle
towards the airplane is 30 degree. Determine the distance
between Bolang and the airplane.
 CONTENTS

 Measuring of The Angle

 Trigonometric Ratio
 Table of Special Angel
 Distribution of Angle and Angle Circle in
Trigonometry
Measuring of The Angle
 Unit Degree
Definition of Degree:
1. When the circumference of a circle is devided into
360 parts, the central angle corresponding to one of
these arcs is called 1 degree denoted by 1o
2. Order to measure smaller angles we use smaller
angle units. Each degree can devided into 60 equal
parts which is called by minutes. 1 minutes is
denoted by 1’.
3. Each minutes can be divided into 60 equal parts
which is called by second. 1 second is denoted by
1”.
 QUESTIONS
1.  1 FULL rotation = … o (degree)

2. rotation = … o (degree)
3. rotation = … o (degree)
4. rotation = … o (degree)
Example
 Consider an angle which measures 37
degrees, 45 minutes, and 30 seconds. We
can write this angle in two ways:
 In degree-minute-second form: 37o 45’ 30”
 In decimal degree form: 37.7583 o
Exercise:
1. Write 56o 20’15” in decimal degree form
2. Write 17.86o in degree-minute-second form
 RADIAN
  Let AB be an arc of a circle with radius r such
that the arc length of AB is also r. Then the
measure of the central angle corresponding to
AB is called 1 radian. It is denoted by 1 rad or
1R
Fill the blank!
Given arc AB = 1 radian
1 full rotation = radian
= radian
= … radian
CONCLUSION
  1 = rad
 1 rad = = 57,3 o
 = 180 o
Commonly used angles in radians
Degrees Radians Degrees Radians

0o 0 180o …(4)

30o …(5)

45oo 210oo …(6)

60oo 225oo …(7)

90oo …(8)

…(1) …(9)

…(2) …(10)

…(3) 330oo …(11)

…(3) 330 …(11)
 JUST WHAT YOU NEED
Right-angled Triangles
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𝒂
 

Characteristics:
 
 One angle is at 90 o
 If is the hypotenuse, and are
right angled sides, then
𝒃
 

(Pythagoras’ Rule) always

holds.
 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS IN
RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE
ON A RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE
 The sine of an angle is the ratio
Opposite

between the side opposite to

 
the angle and the hypotenuse.
 
𝒂  The cosine of an angle is the
ratio between the side adjacent
 
¿ to the angle and the
𝒃
  hypotenuse.
Adjacent  The tangent of an angle is the
ratio between the side opposite
to the angle and the adjacent .
 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS IN
RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE
ON A RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLE
 The cosecant of an angle is the
Opposite

ratio between the side

  hypotenuse to the angle and the
 
𝒂 opposite.
 The secant of an angle is the ratio
between the side hypotenuse to
𝒃
  the angle and the adjacent.
Adjacent  The cotangent of an angle is the
ratio between the side adjacent
to the angle and the opposite.
THANK YOU