Philippine

Educationa
l
System
Elizabeth B. Buco
 INTRODUCTI
EducationON
in the
Philippines has
undergone several stages
of development from the
pre-Spanish times to the
present. In meeting the needs
of the society, education serves
as focus of emphases/priorities of the
leadership at certain periods in our
national struggle as a race.
PRE-HISPANIC
PERIOD
1. No formal schooling
2. The home serves as the school.
3. Parents or the tribal tutors are
the teachers.
4. Focused more on
vocational than in
academics.
Baybayin
is a system of writing. It is also
known as ALIBATA.
 Education during the
Spanish Regime
 The tribal tutors were replaced by the
Spanish Missionaries.
 Education was religion-oriented and
controlled by the Roman Catholic
Church.
 Spanish friars and missionaries educated
the natives through religion with the aim
of converting indigenous populations to
the Catholic faith.
 Augustinians
They opened a school immediately upon arriving
in Cebu in 1565.

Franciscans
Arrived in 1577 and immediately taught the people how to read and write,
besides imparting to them important industrial and agricultural techniques.

Jesuits
Arrived in 1581 and concentrated on teaching the young.

Dominicans
Arrived in 1587 and taught the young also.
American
Regime
 Volunteer American soldiers
became the first teachers of the
Filipinos. They were replaced
after the arrival of the
Thomasites.

English was the medium of instruction.

Students were given free school materials.

Students who excelled academically were sent to the U.S. to

continue their studies and to become experts in their fields or
profession. They were called scholars and pensionados because
the government covered all their expenses.
 Level of
Education
ELEMENTARY
4 primary years and 3 1
intermediate years

SECONDARY
Four years 2
COLLEGE
or 3
TERTIARY
 SCHOOLS DURING THE
US RULE
Philippine Normal School (Phil. Normal University) in 1901

Silliman University in 1901

Central Phil. University in 1905

Negros Oriental High School in 1902

St. Paul University Dumaguete 1904
Cebu Normal School 1915

Filamer Christian University 1904

 JAPANESE
REGIME 1941
The Pacific War broke out and the Phil. Came under the
Japanese occupation
DEPT. OF EDUC., HEALTH
AND PUBLIC WELFARE Focus of the Educ. System
Its function is to reopen schools Make people understand the
and to make reports to the position of the Phils. as a
Japanese admin. member of the Greater East
Nippongo Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Japanese language and and inspire the people with
stopped the use of the spirit of labor.
English
HISTORY OF
PHIL. EDUC’L
SYSTEM AFTER
JAPANESE
REGIME
• In 1947, by the virtue of Executive Order No. 94,
the Department of Instruction was changed to
Department of Education
• In 1972, the Department of Education became the
Department of Education and Culture by virtue of
Proclamation 1081 (proclamation of Martial Law)
• The education act of 1982 created the Ministry of
Education, Culture and Sports which later
became Department of Education, Culture and
Sports in 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No.
117
 K TO
12
CURRI
CULU
Aims to improve
Aims to improve
Filipino students’
Filipino students’
skills in
M
skills in
mathematics,
mathematics,
science, and
science, and
linguistics to further
linguistics to further
exhibit competence
exhibit competence
in the global job
in the global job
market.
 SALIENT FEATURES
OF THE K-12
Strengthening Early Childhood Education
CURRICULUM
(Universal Kindergarten)

Every Filipino child now has access to early childhood education through
Universal Kindergarten. At 5 years old, children start schooling and are given the
means to slowly adjust to formal education.
Education for children in the early years lays the foundation for lifelong
learning and for the total development of a child.
In Kindergarten, students learn the alphabet, numbers, shapes, and colors
through games, songs, and dances, in their Mother Tongue.
 SALIENT FEATURES
OF THE K-12
CURRICULUM
Making the Curriculum Relevant to Learners
(Contextualization and Enhancement)

Examples, activities, songs, poems, stories, and illustrations

are based on local culture, history, and reality. This makes the
lessons relevant to the learners and easy to understand.
 SALIENT FEATURES
OF THE K-12
CURRICULUM
BUILDING PROFICIENCY THROUGH LANGUAGE
(MOTHER TONGUE-BASED MULTILINGUAL
EDUCATION)

Students are able to learn best through their first language, their Mother Tongue
(MT). Twelve (12) MT languages have been introduced for SY 2012-2013:
Bahasa Sug, Bikol, Cebuano, Chabacano, Hiligaynon, Iloko, Kapampangan,
Maguindanaoan, Meranao, Pangasinense, Tagalog, and Waray. Other local
languages will be added in succeeding school years.
 SALIENT FEATURES
OF THE K-12
CURRICULUM
ENSURING INTEGRATED AND SEAMLESS
LEARNING (SPIRAL PROGRESSION)

Subjects are taught from the simplest concepts to more complicated concepts
through grade levels in spiral progression. As early as elementary, students gain
knowledge in areas such as Biology, Geometry, Earth Science, Chemistry, and
Algebra. This ensures a mastery of knowledge and skills after each level.
 SALIENT FEATURES
OF THE K-12
CURRICULUM
GEARING UP FOR THE FUTURE (SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL)

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education;

students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school
capacity. The choice of career track will define the content of the subjects a
student will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under either the Core
Curriculum or specific Tracks.
 SALIENT FEATURES
OF THE K-12
CURRICULUM
NURTURING THE HOLISTICALLY DEVELOPED FILIPINO (COLLEGE
AND LIVELIHOOD READINESS, 21ST CENTURY SKILLS)
After going through Kindergarten, the enhanced Elementary and Junior High
curriculum, and a specialized Senior High program, every K to 12 graduate will
be ready to go into different paths – may it be further education, employment, or
entrepreneurship.
Every graduate will be equipped with:
1.Information, media and technology skills,
2.Learning and innovation skills,
3.Effective communication skills, and
4.Life and career skills.