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IS 4420 Database Fundamentals Database Development Process Leon Chen
IS 4420 Database Fundamentals Database Development Process Leon Chen
Database Fundamentals
Chapter 2:
Database Development Process
Leon Chen
1
Overview
Definition of terms
System development life cycle
Prototyping approach
Three-schema approach
Packaged data models
Project management
2
Enterprise Data Model
First step in database development
Specifies scope and general content
Overall picture of organizational data at high
level of abstraction
Entity-relationship diagram
Descriptions of entity types
Relationships between entities
Business rules
3
Figure 2-1 Segment from enterprise data model (Pine
Valley Furniture Company)
4
Information Systems Architecture
(ISA)
Conceptual blueprint for organization’s desired
information systems structure
Consists of:
Data (e.g. Enterprise Data Model – simplified ER Diagram)
Processes – data flow diagrams, process decomposition,
etc.
Data Network – topology diagram (like fig 1.9)
People – people management using project management
tools (Gantt charts, etc.)
Events and points in time (when processes are performed)
Reasons for events and rules (e.g. decision tables)
5
Information Engineering
A data-oriented methodology to create and
maintain information systems
Top-down planning: a generic IS planning
methodology for obtaining a broad understanding
of the IS needed by the entire organization
Four steps to Top-Down planning:
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
6
Two Approaches to Database
and IS Development
SDLC
System Development Life Cycle
Detailed, well-planned development process
Time-consuming, but comprehensive
Long development cycle
Prototyping
Rapid application development (RAD)
Cursory attempt at conceptual data modeling.
Define database during development of initial prototype
Repeat implementation and maintenance activities with new
prototype versions
7
Systems Development Life Cycle
Project Identification
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Waterfall Implementation
Maintenance
8
Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.)
(Figures 2-4, 2-5)
Project Identification
and Selection Purpose --preliminary understanding
Project Initiation Deliverable –request for project
and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Database activity –
enterprise modeling Implementation
Maintenance
9
Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.)
(figures 2-4, 2-5)
Project Identification
Purpose – state business situation and solution
and Selection
Deliverable – request for analysis
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Database activity –
conceptual data modeling Implementation
Maintenance
10
Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.)
(figures 2-4, 2-5)
Project Identification Purpose – thorough analysis
and Selection Deliverable – functional system specifications
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Database activity –
conceptual data modeling Implementation
Maintenance
11
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
12
Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.)
(figures 2-4, 2-5)
Project Identification Purpose – information requirements structure
and Selection Deliverable – detailed design specifications
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Database activity –
logical database design Implementation
Maintenance
13
14
Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.)
(figures 2-4, 2-5)
Purpose – develop technology specs
Project Identification Deliverable – program/data
and Selection structures, technology purchases,
Project Initiation organization redesigns
and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Maintenance
15
Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.)
(figures 2-4, 2-5)
Purpose – programming, testing, training,
Project Identification installation, documenting
and Selection Deliverable – operational programs,
Project Initiation documentation, training materials
and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Maintenance
16
Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.)
(figures 2-4, 2-5)
Project Identification
and Selection Purpose – monitor, repair, enhance
Project Initiation Deliverable – periodic audits
and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Database activity –
database maintenance Implementation
Maintenance
17
Systems Development Database
Life Cycle Development Process
Project Identification Enterprise modeling
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning Conceptual data modeling
Analysis
The internal
schema is the
underlying
design and
implementation
20
Database Schema
Conceptual Schema
E-R models – covered in chapters 3 and 4
Internal Schema
Logical schema – covered in chapters 5
Physical schema – covered in chapters 6
External Schema
User Views
Subsets of Conceptual Schema
Can be determined from business-function/data entity
matrices
DBA determines schema for different users
21
Packaged Data Models
Model components that can be purchased,
customized, and assembled into full-scale data
models
Advantages
Reduced development time
Higher model quality and reliability
Two types:
Universal data models
Industry-specific data models
22
CASE
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) –
software tools providing automated support for
systems development
Three database features:
Data modeling – entity-relationship diagrams
Code generation – SQL code for table creation
Repositories – knowledge base of enterprise
information
23
Managing Projects
Project – a planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective
that has a beginning and an end
Project management is a balance of:
Scope
Schedule
Cost
Quality
Project management life cycle
1. Initiation
2. Planning and scheduling
3. Control
4. Closing
Project management tool: Microsoft Project
Incremental (creeping) commitment – review of systems development
project after each development phase with rejustification after each phase
24
Managing Projects:
People Involved
Systems analysts
Database analysts
Users
Programmers
Database/data administrators
Systems programmers, network
administrators, testers, technical writers
25
Figure 2-8a Gantt Chart
27
Shows dependencies between tasks
Systems Development Database
Life Cycle Development Process
Project Identification Enterprise modeling
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning Conceptual data modeling
Analysis