Distributed Database

Management System 
Aiman Ejaz 
CS&IT LECTURER 
Alhamd Islamic University
 Islamabad
Scheme of Study 
 Attendance 
 Quizes
 Assignment 60 Marks
 Presentation 
 Midterm 
 Final Term
 Text and Reference
Books 
• Distributed Database Systems (2nd Edition) by T.M., Ozsu,
P. Valdusiez
• Distributed Database Systems. By D. Bell, J. Grimson,
Addison-Wesley, 1992 
• Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design, 4th Edition, by
G. Coulouris, J. Dollimore, T. Kindberg, Addison-Wesley
Introduction 
• an advanced course of the distributed Management System
• The Distributed Database Management Systems (DDBMS) uses the concepts of: 
1. Database Management Systems 
2. Networking
Major components 
There are going to be four major component in this course:
• Introductory Stuff
• Architectures and Design Issues
• Technological Treatment 
• Related Topics
Computer Applications
• Computer applications are divided into two types:
1. Data Processing Applications 
2. Scientific / Engineering Applications
 Data Processing Applications in computer
terminology are referred to as “File Processing
Systems”. 

Brief view on In these applications the data was processed with

the help of different programming languages.
File
Processing The program, which was used to process the data,
had the data defined in it, therefore they were
System dependent on each other. 
If any change made  in the program it was difficult.
 Data redundancy

Data inconsistency

Drawbacks 
Expensive Changes/Modifications due to
redundancy of the data 

Many more 
Database Approach:
• To remove the defects from the file processing systems the database was approach was used which
eliminated the interdependency of the program and the data.
• The changes/modifications can be brought about easily whether they were related to the programs
or the data itself.
Database 
• Database is a shared collection of logically related data
Distributed Computing Systems
“A system consisting of a number of autonomous processing elements that are connected through a
computer network and that cooperate in performing their assigned task”.
Distributed Computing System 
• Three things are important  
• Multiple systems are involved.
• These multiple systems are linked together through some network 
• These multiple systems perform common tasks in which they cooperate with each other.
Why Distributed Computing Systems?
Some organization structures are suitable for Distributed Computing
•  Organization is expanded on a large geographic area. 
• Organization has different functioning units located in different areas
Distributed Database System
• A collection of logically inter related databases that are spread physically across multiple locations
connected by a data communication link.
Distributed databases; where to apply?
• DDBS have following two main characteristics
• Large number of users
•  Users are physically spread across large geographical area
Examples 
Following are some of the Database applications that are strong candidates for a DDBS.
•  Banking Applications
• Air Ticketing
• Business at multiple locations
 Modular Development

More reliable

Advantages
Better response 

Lower communication cost

Transparency in DDMS
• Transparency refers to separation of the higher-level semantics of a system from lower-level
implementation issues.
• In other words, a transparent system “hides” the implementation details from users.
Layers of Transparency
 Need for complex and expensive software − 

Processing overhead 

Disadvantage
Overheads for improper data distribution 

Data integriry