BYD473QB/QD/QE Engine Structure

Joe. Yang
2012
1. Dimension

700mm

Weight:92kg 543mm 587mm

Material: aluminum alloy

2. Difference parameters

Model BYD473QB BYD473QD BYD473QE

Displacement (L) 1.488 1.497 1.497

Cylinder Bore × Stroke (mm) 73×88.9 73×89.4 73×89.4

Compression Ratio 10.2 10.6 10.6

Max. Power kW/rpm 79/5800 80/5800 80/5800

Max. Torque N·m /rpm 144/4800 144/4800 145/4800

Min. Fuel Consumption （ L/100km ） 6.5 6.5 6.2

Technology EGR+VVL

Emission Ⅳ Ⅳ Ⅴ

Current State Stop Gasoline/CNG Gasoline

Uniform parameters

item description

Engine type L4

Valve quantity 4 valves per cylinder

Valve gear Single overhead camshaft

Valve drive Silent chain

crankshaft With absorber

Ignition sequence 1–3–4–2

Cylinder center distance(mm) 80

Gasoline 93# without Plumbum

lowest continuous speed with

750±50
load （ r/min ）
3. BYD473QE new technology

 Aluminum Alloy Engine

 EGR : Exhaust Gas Recirculation
 VVL : Variable Valve Lift
EGR
VVL
4. BYD473QE advantage

 low emission ， reduce NOx by 30%-50% ， reduce HC by 10%-20%.

 Intelligent air intake system ， reduce fuel consumption by 5%.
 higher torque at the low speed and higher power at the high speed.
5. EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Function: The internal combustion engine emissions are mainly HC, CO(carbon monoxide) and N-
Ox, EGR is used to control and reduce the emission of N-O x .

Working principle: the emission N-Ox is easy to produced at the condition of high temperature and

oxygen density. So make use of emission CO2 (carbon dioxide) low down the temperature and fuel-air

ratio according to engine load to reduce emission N-O x reduction.

 Idling/low load ： Little N-Ox production, EGR un-working;

 Full load ： More air is needed to improve power output with high speed, EGR stopped;
 Normal coolant temperature and engine load, EGR rate is 20%;
 Recycled emission volume
EGR rate = × 100%
Recycled emission volume + Intake air volume

EGR rate 15% 25%

Emission N-Ox 50% 80

6. VVL-Variable Valve Lift

At the low speed of engine, in order to prevent fresh air inside cylinder flowing backwards, engine
is designed to work in a small lap angle and lift, last improve torque output and fuel consumption.
At the high speed of engine, in order to charge a mass of fresh air, engine is required to work in big
lap angle and lift, last improve power output and reduce emission CO and HC.
 Intake valve Exhaust valve Valve opening
Engine load Valve lift
closing closing angle

Low speed More late More early Small small

High speed More early More late big big
Low engine speed
High speed
How to realize VVL?
When the oil pressure control valve is
closed and the oil pressure inside rocker
is lower than some one of values, the
switching piston does not operate and
the “T” arm is not locked to rocker, so
intake rockers are driven by low and middle
lift camshaft.
When the oil pressure control valve is
opened and the oil pressure inside rocker
reaches some one of values, the switching
piston is locked/fixed to rocker, so intake rockers are driven by high lift camshaft.
 T lever exhaust idle
Ａ T arm
spring
rocker
rocker shaft bracket

switching piston
lubricating oil

middle lift
low lift
high lift
Switching oil pressure
T lever

switching piston rocker shaft

spring T arm
A-A
rocker , low lift
rocker , middle lift
Ａ
intake
 Return spring

accumulator

exhaust
Middle lift

intake
Low lift

T lever(high lift)

Oil control solenoid valve

OCV – oil control solenoid valve

Control oil flow to switch MIVEC

 To cylinder block oil channel To rocker

Frequency:400Hz

Sealing ring To oil pan

Compensation oil channel

7. Cylinder head

Add VVL electromagnetic valve

fixing position and oil channel

473QB

473QE
Add EGR channel
Release cylinder head bolt by
sequence 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10

Screw down cylinder head bolt by

sequence 10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1

Torque: 29N·M + 130℃

8. camshaft

Big lift small lift

473QB 473QE
9. Exhaust manifold gasket

473QE

Add exhaust gases distribution pipeline for EGR system

10. Rocker and rocker shaft group

Add return spring and oil channel for VVL.

11. crankshaft

Same with QD
12. Cylinder gasket(same)

The cylinder gasket is made of 4 piece of stainless steels, the total thickness is 0.85mm.
13. Crankshaft

Crankshaft is supported and balanced fully, and it adopted the advanced technics, like fillet rolling,
shot peening, nitrogenized;
Crankshaft is positioned in axial by the thrust which is located in the fourth crankshaft neck.
Key points before fixing crankshaft
* Coat a little engine oil on the surface of crankshaft neck bearing and connecting-rod bearing;
*The thrust plate’ oil groove should point to crank

crank

Oil groove
nnecting-rod bearing cover and the connecting rod digitals on the gases intake side should be
e

connecting-rod bearing cover

connecting rod
*For the 5th main bearing cover, before fixing, spread pastern thickness 1mm, and then
wait for 4 minutes

pastern
14. piston

The piston is made of aluminum alloy and the piston skirt is coated a alloy of antifriction. The piston
is designed three rings for sealing, the first and second is for gas; third ring is for oil.

The first ring surface is coated chrome, but the second is no chrome.
The oil ring is made up of chrome-plated steels.
Fixing piston key points:
*While disassembling, make a mark for each piston to correspond to each cylinder.
*when fixing rings, assure three rings are intersected 180°.
*the arrow printed on the surface of piston must point at the front of engine.
*the mark “IN” must close to intake side.

Intake side

Piston direction
15.Timing driving
The camshaft is driven by the silent chain.

and it has following characteristics:

high intensity, stable and accurate drive ratio, small vibration, low noise,
and high reliability.

the chain is made up of 126 chain knots and is in total 1600mm length
(note: camshaft has 46 sprockets and crankshaft has 23 sprockets.)

The chain tension is automatically controlled by a tensioner;

the timing mark is respectively carved on the surface of crankshaft

timing wheel, camshaft wheel and chain; when assembling, ensure
all marks on the alignment.
Fixing key points of timing chain

top dead slot

*keep letter “UP” upwards

*make black chain knot aim at mark
on the wheel.

Three black chain knot

Timing chain wheel mark

Letter “UP”
black chain knot

*make black chain knot aim at mark

on the oil pump housing.

Timing mark on oil pump housing

16. Lubricating system

Cylinder block main oil channels

Cylinder head
Main bearing
main oil channels

Oil filler
Connecting-rod
bearing Camshaft hole

Piston pin
Camshaft
Oil pump bearing
Pin seat

oil collector Oil pan

* The upper main bearing has oil channels, but lower main bearing does not have.
17. Cooling system

Water pump
Centrifugal water pump,
The half of pump is directly machined in cylinder block, the another is made in the pump. And the
bearing is a maintenance-free.

Wax thermostat
It is installed in the cylinder head of the outlet and it will open at the temperature of 78℃.
18. How to select crankshaft bearing
Crankshaft bearing code = 3 – crankshaft journey code + crankshaft bearing seat hole diameter code

crankshaft journey

crankshaft bearing

crankshaft bearing seat hole

Crankshaft journey diameter Crankshaft bearing seat Crankshaft
class hole diameter class bearing class

Identification Crankshaft neck Identification

Identification code
code diameter code
1 3

1 49.937~49.942 2 4

3 5

1 2

2 49.943~49.949 2 3

3 4

1 1

3 49.950~49.955 2 2

3 3
*crankshaft bearing seat hole diameter code
*Crankshaft journey code

Connecting-rod neck code Crankshaft journey code

Crankshaft bear is classed 5 levers, class1, class2, class3, class4 and class5, that is
countermarked on the bearing back, first lever is most thin, fifth lever is most thick,
each lever difference is 0.006mm.
19. How to select connecting rod

The connecting-rod is classed two levers A and B according to its weight. The connecting-rod class
of an engine must be consistent.
20. How to select connecting rod bearing
Connecting rod bearing = 2 – connecting rod journey code + connecting rod seat hole diameter code

connecting rod seat hole

connecting rod journey code Connecting rod bearing
diameter code

Identification code Diameter(mm) Identification code Identification code

1 2
1 39.940-39.947
2 3

1 1
2 39.948-39.955
2 2
*connecting rod seat hole diameter code
21. How to select piston

The piston is classed two groups according to its weight and diameter. the weight of an engine must
be consistent and the piston diameter must be consistent with cylinder diameter code, that is carved
on the cylinder surface..

weight
cylinder diameter
piston diameter
code name

1 A

2 B

diameter
22. Key points before fixing cylinder head

 Make the first piston at the top dead;

 Make the first cam of camshaft at the top dead;
 While screwing bolts down, tighten it from middle to sides
 Before rotate crankshaft, first fix timing mechanism

23. Key points before fixing Rocker

 firstly charge some lubricant into rocker holes,
 secondly confirm all adjusting bolts are released completely,
 last assure all adjusting piece in the correct position.
24. adjusting valve clearance

1-3-4-2
Standard clearance

Engine Intake valve Exhaust valve

473QE 0.18mm – 0.2mm 0.23mm – 0.27mm

473QB 0.23mm – 0.27mm 0.27mm – 0.31mm

Another method

cylinder1 cylinder2 cylinder3 cylinder4

1st intake exhaust intake exhaust intake exhaust intake exhaust

2nd intake exhaust intake exhaust intake exhaust intake exhaust

25.Engine oil

Engine oil standard

Repair engine 4.0L

Change engine oil and oil filter 3.3L

change engine oil, but don't change oil filter

2.9L
THANKS!