The Golden

Ratio
Volkan UYGUN
 In mathematics and the arts, two quantities are in the
golden ratio if the ratio between the sum of those
quantities and the larger one is the same as the ratio
between the larger one and the smaller.
 The golden ratio is a mathematical constant
approximately 1.6180339887.
 The golden ratio is also known as the most aesthetic
ratio between the two sides of a rectangle.
 The golden ratio is often denoted by the Greek letter
(phi). .
Also known as:
 Extreme and mean ratio,

 Medial section,

 Divine proportion,

 Divine section (Latin: sectio divina),

 Golden proportion,

 Golden cut,

 Mean of Phidias
 Construction of the Golden
Section

 Firstly, divide a square such that it makes two

precisely equal rectangles.
 Take the diagonal of the rectangle as the radius to
contsruct a circle to touch the next side of the square.
 Then, extend the base of the square so that it touches
the circle.
 When we complete the shape to a rectangle, we will
realize that the rectangle fits the optimum ratio of
golden.
 The base lenght of the rectangle (C) divided by the base
lenght of the square (A) equals the golden ratio.
 C / A =A / B = 1.6180339 = The Golden Ratio
 Each time we substract a square from the golden rectangle,
what we will get is a golden rectangle again.
 The Golden Spiral

 After doing the substraction infinitely many times, if

we draw a spiral starting from the square of the
smallest rectangle, (Sidelenght of the square=Radius
of the spiral) we will get a Golden Spiral. The
Golden spiral determines the structure and the shape
of many organic and inorganic assets.
 Relations with the Fibonacci Numbers

 Fibonacci Numbers: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987,
1597, ...
 Fibonacci numbers have an interesting attribute. When we divide one of the fibonacci
numbers to the previous one, we will get results that are so close to each other.
Moreover, after the 13th number in the serie, the divison will be fixed at 1.618, namely
the golden number.

Golden ratio= 1,618

233 / 144 = 1,618
377 / 233 = 1,618
610 / 377 = 1,618
987 / 610 = 1,618
1597 / 987 = 1,618
2584 / 1597 = 1,618
Golden Ratio In Arts
and Architecture
 Leonardo Da Vinci
 Many artists who lived after
Phidias have used this
proportion. Leonardo Da Vinci
called it the "divine
proportion" and featured it in
many of his paintings, for
example in the famous "Mona
Lisa". Try drawing a rectangle
around her face. You will
realize that the measurements
are in a golden proportion.
You can further explore this by
subdividing the rectangle
formed by using her eyes as a
horizontal divider.
 The “Vitruvian
Man”
 Leonardo did an entire
exploration of the
human body and the
ratios of the lengths of
various body parts.
“Vitruvian Man”
illustrates that the
human body is
proportioned according
to the Golden Ratio.
 The Parthenon
 “Phi“ was named
for the Greek
sculptor Phidias.
 The exterior
dimensions of the
Parthenon in
Athens, built in
about 440BC,
form a perfect
golden rectangle.
 The baselenght of Egyptian pyramids divided by
the height of them gives the golden ratio..
 Golden Ratio In
Human and Nature
 Golden Ratio in Human Hand and Arm

Look at your own hand:

The length of different parts
 You have ...
 2 hands each of which has ...
in your arm also fits the
 5 fingers, each of which has ...
golden ratio.
 3 parts separated by ...
 2 knuckles
 Golden Ratio in the Human Face

 The dividence of every long line to the short line equals the golden ratio.
 Lenght of the face / Wideness of the face
Lenght between the lips and eyebrows / Lenght of the nose,
Lenght of the face / Lenght between the jaw and eyebrows
Lenght of the mouth / Wideness of the nose,
Wideness of the nose / Distance between the holes of the nose,
Length between the pupils / Length between teh eyebrows.
All contain the golden ratio.
 The Golden Spiral can be seen in the
arrangement of seeds on flower heads.
 Golden Ratio In The Sea Shells

 The shape of the inner and outer surfaces of the

sea shells, and their curves fit the golden ratio..
Golden Ratio In the Snowflakes

 The ratio of the braches of a snowflake results in the

golden ratio.
 Disputed Sightings
 Some specific proportions in the bodies of many animals
(including humans) and parts of the shells of mollusks and
cephalopods are often claimed to be in the golden ratio. There
is actually a large variation in the real measures of these
elements in a specific individual and the proportion in
question is often significantly different from the golden ratio
 The proportions of different plant components (numbers of
leaves to branches, diameters of geometrical figures inside
flowers) are often claimed to show the golden ratio proportion
in several species. In practice, there are significant variations
between individuals, seasonal variations, and age variations in
these species. While the golden ratio may be found in some
proportions in some individuals at particular times in their life
cycles, there is no consistent ratio in their proportions
 Referances

 http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1n_oran
 http://www.geom.uiuc.edu/~demo5337/s97b/art.htm
 http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibon
acci/fibnat.html
 http://www.matematikce.net/maltinoran.html
Thank You For
Listening