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Philippine Politics

and Governance
 Historical
Development of
Philippine
Democratic Politics
 PRE
COLONIAL
PERIOD
-The Philippines was an
archipelago organized into
several independent states
and self-sufficient political
units known as barangay.
 DATU

-chief
-held vast legislative,
executive and judicial
powers
-military head
- In terms of justice, a system
in the form of trial by ordeal
was administered.
 TRIAL BY ORDEAL
-ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or
innocence of the accused was determined by
subjecting them to a painful, or at least an
unpleasant, usually dangerous experience.
The test was one of life or death, and the proof
of innocence was survival.
SERFS
 SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
(Pre-Colonial)

• NOBILITY(MAHARLIKA)
• FREEMEN (TIMAWA)
• SERFS (ALIPING NAMAMAHAY)
• SLAVES(ALIPING SAGIGILID)
SPANISH
PERIOD
-Ferdinand Magellan’s arrival in
the Philippines in 1521 became
the Spanish Crown’s basis for the
occupation of the archipelago.

-The Spanish takeover brought

changes in the archipelago’s
governmental structure.
When Mexico gained
independence in1821, the
Philippines was directly
ruled by Spain until 1898,
when the country was ceded
to the United States of
America under the Treaty of
Paris.
 GOVERNOR-GENERAL
-an all powerful individual
-The centralization of power
and the creation of a basic
unitary government is thus a
Spanish influence.
Recognizing the influence of
the datu’s for the easier
pacification of natives, the
Spaniards appointed
chieftains as the cabeza de
barangay.
 ALCADIA
- The provinces that are
fully subjugated
 CORREGIMIENTO

- The provinces that

were not entirely
pacified under Spanish
authority.
 ROYAL AUDIENCIA

- An independent body
created to hear and
solve cases
HOW DID THE
GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE CHANGE
DURING THE SPANISH
PERIOD?
 REVOLUTIONARY
PERIOD

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
 PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
-Jose Rizal
-Marcelo H. del Pilar
-Graciano Lopez Jaena
The failure of the Propaganda
to initiate changes in the
society gave birth to a secret
association, KATAAS-
TAASANG, KAGALANG-
GALANGANG KATIPUNAN
NG MGA ANAK NG
BAYAN(KATIPUNAN)
 KKK
-founded by Andres
Bonifacio and a group of
patriots, the Katipunan
sought independence from
Spain and set the 1896
Revolution in motion.
 KATIPUNAN
Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme
Council)
Sangguniang Balangay (Provincial Council)
Sangguniang Bayan (Popular Council)
Sangguniang Hukuman( Judicial Council)
 2 DIVISION OF KATIPUNAN

-Magdalo
-Magdiwang
On March 22,1897, The Tejeros
Convention was called where Gen.
Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as
president.
BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC
(NOVEMBER 1, 1897)
-Its constitution declared the
creation of an independent
Philippine state.
June 12,1898
AMERICAN
PERIOD
 TREATY OF PARIS
-signaled the end of the Spanish-American War.

Philippine-American War
- One of the longest wars the United States has ever
been to

Spooner Amendment
-ended the military regime. A civilian governor
replaced the military governor.
 William H. Taft
- The first civil governor of the Philippines

Cooper Act JONES LAW

-Provided the - Provided the reorganization of the
creation of Philippine legislature into a fully elected and
legislature Filipino-controlled bicameral body.

Tydings-McDuffie ACT
-It established by the Philippine Commonwealth, which
provided a 10-year transition period that would
prepare the Filipinos for self-governance
The Americans conquest of the
Philippines was founded on
the belief in democracy.
 JAPANESE
OCCUPATION
(January 3,1942)
 Philippine Executive Commission
- A civil government that would temporary rule the
country.
The Second Republic is commonly referred to as a
“puppet” government

Soon after the return of Gen. Douglas MacArthur to

the Philippines in 1944 and the eventual defeat of
the Japanese forces, the Commonwealth government
was reestablished.